1. Sargramostim Drugbank ID : DB00020
Protein chemical formula : C639H1006N168O196S8
Protein average weight :

2. Description : Indication : Pharmacodynamics :
Sargramostim is a human recombinant granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) expressed in yeast. It is a glycoprotein that is 127 residues. Substitution of Leu23 leads to a difference from native protein.
Indication :
For the treatment of cancer and bone marrow transplant
Pharmacodynamics :
Sargramostim is used in the treatment of bone marrow transplant recipients or those exposed to chemotherapy an recovering from acut myelogenous leukemia, Leukine or GM-CSF is a hematopoietic growth factor which stimulates the survival, clonal expansion (proliferation) and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. GM-CSF is also capable of activating mature granulocytes and macrophages. After a bone marrow transplant or chemotherapy, patients have a reduced capacity to produce red and white blood cells. Supplementing them with external sources of GM-CSF helps bring the level of neutrophils back to normal so that they can better fight infections.

3. Mechanism of action : Clearance :
Sargramostim binds to the Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor receptor (GM-CSF-R-alpha or CSF2R) which stimulates a JAK2 STAT1/STAT3 signal transduction pathway. This leads to the production of hemopoietic cells and neutrophils
Clearance :
420 mL/min/m2 [Normal people with liquid LEUKINE (IV)]
431 mL/min/m2 [Normal people with lyophilized LEUKINE (IV)]
549 mL/min/m2 [Normal people with liquid LEUKINE (SC)]
529 mL/min/m2 [Normal people with lyophilized LEUKINE (SC)].

4. Targets : Affected organisms :
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor subunit alpha,Interleukin-3 receptor subunit alpha,Cytokine receptor common subunit beta,Syndecan-2,Bone marrow proteoglycan
Affected organisms :
Humans and other mammals

5. Categories : Patents : Sequence : Immunosuppressive Agents
Country Patent Number Approved Expires
Canada
Sequence :
APARSPSPSTQPWEHVNAIQEALRLLNLSRDTAAEMNETVEVISEMFDLQEPTCLQTRLELYKQGLRGSLTKLKGPLTMMASHYKQHCPPTPETSCATQIITFESFKENLKDFLLVIPFDCWEPVQE

6. Brands : Leucomax
Company : Novartis
Description : Leucomax contains a chemical which stimulates the colonies of white stem cells within the bone marrow causing the level of granulocytes in the blood to rise. Increasing the levels granulocytes in the blood stream reduced the risk and severity of infection. In the same way chemotherapy affects the rapidly dividing white cells it can also affect the platelets. The cells which make platelets are also found within the bone marrow, called "platelet stem cells - megacaryocytes". Leucomax also stimulates megacaryocytes and increases the number of platelets into the blood stream thereby reducing the risk of bleeding. (Granulocyte & Megacaryocyte stimulating factor - GM-CSF)
Used for/Prescribed for : Used for: Reducing severe, life-threatening, or fatal infections after chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). It is also used to help increase the success of autologous bone marrow transplant and to help increase survival in patients who have bone marrow transplant failure.
Form : solution
Route of administration : subcutaneous and intravenous Injection

7. Dosage : In case of Intravenous Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in Adult: 250 mcg/m 2 daily for up to 42 days as required, to be given as IV infusion over 4 hr Side effects : It is common to have aching bones and joints for 2-3 days starting 1-2 days after the start of the injections. This is usually mild and is caused by the bone marrow working harder to More white cells. Occasionally it is more troublesome and pain killers are required. (Provided you don't have a temperature paracetamol is often helpful, it is not strong enough ask your doctor about anti-inflammatory drugs. Remember if you feel unwell check your temperature before you due to take your next tablet).

8. General references :
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor subunit alpha,Interleukin-3 receptor subunit alpha,Cytokine receptor common subunit beta,Syndecan-2,Bone marrow proteoglycan.

9. References : http://www. cancernet. co. uk/leucomax. htm http://www