1. Bell Ringer: Please copy in your IAN! Ch.4.2 Igneous Rocks Objectives:
Describe three ways that igneous rock forms.
2. Explain how the cooling rate of magma affects the texture of igneous rock.
3. Distinguish between igneous rock that cools within Earth’s crust and igneous rock that cools at Earth’s surface.

2. Igneous Rocks: Rocks of “fire”

3. A) Igneous rock begins as magma
A) Igneous rock begins as magma.  there are three ways magma can form: 1) when rock is heated, 2) when pressure is released, 3) or when rock changes composition.

4. Investigation
Today we will begin our investigation of igneous rocks by creating a visual image that relates to each of the 3 processes.
This investigation will take place in the form of a lab called, Fudgeous Rock. Lets take a look at our problem to solve, the background research, and our variables that we will be manipulating today!

5. Problem: What happens to substances during igneous rock
(fudge) formation?
Research: Refer to Chapter 4, Section 2 (pgs ) in your text to review information about igneous rocks. A continued rise in temperature can eventually melt any rock until it is molten (called magma). A release of pressure speeds this up. When the molten rock cools it changes composition and forms an igneous rock. All three main types of rock (igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic) can be melted to form magma.
Independent Variable: (I control…usually in procedure)
_______________________________________________________________________________
Dependent Variable: (what I observe…answers the lab problem)
Hypothesis: (If + IV + then + DV)
________________________________________________________

6. B) Liquid magma is a complex mixture containing many melted minerals
B) Liquid magma is a complex mixture containing many melted minerals. Because these minerals have different melting points, some minerals in the magma will freeze or become solid before other minerals do.
So let’s take a closer look at our minerals/ingredients that we will turn into magma and igneous rocks…

7. Mineral Identification:
Dependent Variable
(y)
Ingredient
Physical Properties
(include the phase of matter)
Earth Ingredient
(what real substance under the surface of the earth does this ingredient remind you of)
Final Observation
(what did the ingredient look like in the end)
Did it change? HOW did it change?
(YES or NO) (disappear, melt? color & phase)
sugar
evaporated milk
butter
Marshmall-ows
chocolate morsels

8. Kaolin
Mica
Halite
Graphite
Basalt
Marble
Sulfur
Calcite

9. Bell Ringer!
1) Take out your fudgeous rock lab and open your IAN to 4.2 Notes from yesterday.
2) Glue in your 2 half sheets from the blue tubs.
3) Today we will work on Ch.4.2 notes, lab data analysis, and the class conclusion.

10. How do Igneous Rocks form?
When hot, liquid rock Cools and Solidifies.
If it cools quickly, it is _____________.
If it cools slowly, it is ______________.
It takes our fudgeous rock 2 hours to cool and harden. Is that fast or slow? How would we know?

11. Origins of Igneous Rock
3 ways magma can form:
____________________________
Changes composition
It solidifies through freezing. 0 degrees Celsius vs. 1,000 degrees Celsius
Some minerals freeze faster than others. This can give igneous rocks unique textures

12. Composition and Texture
Not all igneous rocks look alike.
B/C of cooling rate and mineral composition
Light color = ________ __________ (felsic)
Dark color= ________ (mafic rocks)
The longer it takes magma to cool, the larger the crystals
(demo)
Fine/
Above
Coarse/
Below

14. Igneous Rock Classifications
2 Ways Igneous Rock Forms:
__________________Surface of Earth__________________
Igneous Rock Classifications
Extrusive
Intrusive i

15. Formation: Weird Science Fact
Some igneous rocks form from cooling on the surface, but some form ___________________.
Intrusive rock –igneous rock that formed when magma hardened beneath Earth’s surface.
–Larger Crystals!
–The most abundant intrusive rock that makes up the continents is granite.
Granite forms the core of many mountain ranges!!!

16. Origin–where Extrusive are formed
–Extrusive rock–igneous rock formed from lava that erupted onto Earth’s surface.
–Smaller Crystals!
–The most common extrusive rock is basalt. Look at the rock in the tray.
Basalt forms much of the crust, including the crust beneath the ocean floor.
What about obsidian?

18. Comparing and Contrasting
•Materials -granite and basalt
•Which parts of the Earth’s crust are composed mostly of one or the other of these igneous rocks?
•Basalt -ocean floor
•Granite -continents

19. Basalt/Gravel Obsidian/Tools
Uses of Igneous Rocks
Basalt/Gravel
•Hard, dense, and durable
•Through history -tools and building materials
•Can you think of some uses?
Pumice/
Exfoliation
Obsidian/Tools
Granite/
Egyptian Statues

20. What is its rate of cooling?
In Summary:
Rock Type
Where is it formed?
What is its rate of cooling?
What is the grain size?
Igneous X
Intrusive Igneous
Extrusive Igneous

21. LAB Connections: 1) Let’s apply our learning to our Fudgeous Rock Lab.
2) Please share your QUALITATIVE observations from yesterday’s lab with your elbow partner.
3) Today we will work on data analysis. Please complete the 4 conclusion questions under your data table!

22. LAB Summary sugar butter
Now, let’s complete our lab data analysis and our conclusion. Let’s compare our knowledge to what we saw yesterday!
Dependent Variable
(y)
Ingredient
Physical Properties
(include the phase of matter)
Earth Ingredient
(what real substance under the surface of the earth does this ingredient remind you of)
Final Observation
(what did the ingredient look like in the end)
Did it change? HOW did it change?
(YES or NO) (disappear, melt? color & phase)
sugar
evaporated milk
butter
Marshmallows
chocolate morsels

23. Fudge Lab Conclusion!
Conclusion: (AC: Complete the following sentence starters in your OWN 5-7 sentence paragraph)
The data states… 10
My data ________________ (supports/does not support) my hypothesis and WHY!!! 10
My conclusion is… 10 (How did this lab reflect what happens to substances during igneous rock formation)?

24. Let’s illustrate our vocabulary!
Intrusive
Extrusive

25. Melting Cooling Crystalizing
Heat
Pressure
Composition