1. Dynamic Earth

2. In an Earthquake, the rocks in the crust of the Earth rip and break apart, releasing tremendous energy in the form of seismic waves.
What’s it like to be in an Earthquake?
“Its like trying to stand up in an airplane
during severe turbulence”

3. Evidence for historical motion of the Earth’s crust: Original Horizontality Sedimentary rocks are always deposited in horizontal layers called strata. Now we see sedimentary rocks that are “messed up”.

4. Horizontal rock strata.

5. Tilted Strata

6. Folded Strata

7. animation of folding

8. Faulted Strata

9. Another Fault

11. normal fault
strike slip
reverse fault
thrust fualt

12. Earthquakes
Produce energy waves called seismic waves that travel through the Earth
Seismologists use these waves to investigate the internal structure of the Earth, like a doctor uses x-rays to investigate the internal structure of a person

13. Seismic waves tell us that Earth has 3 layers:
Crust (solid rigid outer rock layer)
Moho separates crust from mantle
Mantle (beneath the crust, not so solid)
80% of Earth is mantle
Core (outer core = liquid, inner core = solid)
made of nickel and iron (magnetic)
very dense!
Earths interior animation

14. Layered Earth

15. Lithosphere = Crust + upper (rigid) mantle Asthenosphere = partly molten part of mantle below the lithosphere (plastic mantle), convection currents here! Stiffer Mantle= below the asthenosphere

16. Upper portion of Earth
plates

17. There are two types of CRUST:
Oceanic Crust = basalt rock, dense, mafic, thin layer
Continental Crust = granitic rock, less dense, felsic
thicker layer

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