1. SUMMARY + QUIZ + helpful videos
Lecture : viruses 1+2
SUMMARY + QUIZ + helpful videos
"لا حول ولا قوة إلا بالله العلي العظيم" وتقال هذه الجملة إذا دهم الإنسان أمر عظيم لا يستطيعه ، أو يصعب عليه القيام به .

2. Viral Infections of the Respiratory System
Influenza Virus (A, B, C)
Avian flu:
Avian influenza type A virus (H5N1)
Family
orthomyxoviridae
Structure
Enveloped virus with 2 projecting glycoprotein spikes
(H & N)
Genome
8 segmented - polarity ssRNA
I.P.
1 – 4 days
Symptoms
Fever, malaise, headache, cough, chills, sore throat, and generalized pain
Range from typical flu to severe respiratory disease. Diarrhea, abdominal pain, nose bleed.
Lab diagnosis
Routine testing
PCR, detection of viral RNA in throat swap
Treatment
Amantadine (A only)
Rimantadine, Oseltamivir, or Zanamivir (A & B)
Oseltamivir
Zanamivir
(should be started within 48 hrs)
Prevention
Flu shot vaccine
Nasal spray flue vaccine
Routine testing = direct detection of virus from sputum, nasopharyngeal swab, aspirate (NPA), or respiratory secretion by direct immunofluorescent essay (IFA)
Transmission is always through inhalation of infectious aerosol droplets.

3. Viral Infections of the Respiratory System
Viral Parainfluenza
Respiratory Syncytial Virus & Human metapneumovirus
Measeles
Mumps virus
Family
Paramyxoviridae
Structure
Enveloped virus
Enveloped virus covered with two glycoprotein spikes (H & N)
Genome
– polarity ssRNA
I.P.
7 – 14 days
18 – 21 days
Symptoms
Fever, harsh cough, difficult inspiration. (Croup, bronchiolitis, pneumonia)
Bronchiolitis (<6months)
Pneumonia
Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, runny nose, koplik’s spot, rash
Moderate fever, malaise, pain on chewing or swallowing, particularly acidic liquids.
Sudden onset of fever and painful swelling of parotid gland
Lab diagnosis
Routine testing
Tissue culture
PCR
Cell culture (with CPE)
Serology by detection of IgM Ab using ELISA
in case of SSPE detection of measles antibodies in CSF
or detection of viral NA using PCR.
Serology by detection of IgM Ab using ELISA,
cell culture and isolation of the virus from saliva or detection of viral NA using PCR
Treatment
No specific treatment (only supportive treatment)
Ribavirin (for infants)
No specific treatment
Prevention
No vaccine available
No vaccine available (passive immunization immunoglobulin given for infected premature infants)
MMR Vaccine

4. Videos Influenza: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U17Rbx1AmN4 Measles:
Mumps:

9. SAQ:
An 8 year old child is presented with fever, malaise and cough he visits an E.R doctor in the hospital , the doctor suspects a viral infection he later diagnosed him with influenza. Based on this info answer the following…
1- if the influenza was type B what is the treatment?
ANS: Rimatidine , Oseltamivir , Zanamivir
2- what are the currently circulating strains of influenza?
ANS: H1N1 , H3N2
3- what is the most common complication that could arise in children duo to influenza?
ANS: Reyes syndrome
Direct questions:
1- What is the treatment for Respiratory syntical virus and human metapneumoviruse in infants?
ANS: Ribavirin
2- What is the virus that is presented with Kopliks spot?
ANS: Measels
3- What is the most common cause of common cold?
ANS: Rhinovirus
4- what virus has ocnogenic (cancer) properties?
ANS: Epstien Barr Virus (EBV)
5- What are the viruses that can be detected using serology detection of IgM antibodies using ELISA?
ANS : Measels , Mumps , EBV
ZOOM to see the answers ;)

10. MCQs:
1.Which one of the following is considered as first cause of common cold?
Rhinovirus b. Coronavirus c. Adenovirus
2.Which one of the following is structurally non-enveloped?
Parainfluenza b. Coronavirus c. Rhinovirus
3.Which one of the following is the only virus with dsDNA?
Adenovirus b. Influenza c. Respiratory Syncitial
4.Avian flu do not usually infect humans.
T b. F
4- a
3- a
2- c
1- a
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