1. OVERVIEW OF CDM GUIDELINES ON UNEP CDM Guidebook/E7 Guide
CDM Guidelines Cairo, January 12-13, 2004
TIMS/EEAA CD4CDM- Second National Workshop (Phase II) UNEP RISO / APEX
OVERVIEW OF CDM GUIDELINES ON UNEP CDM Guidebook/E7 Guide
Presented by:
Dr. Bahaa Mansour
TIMS
Dr. Mohamed Elewa TIMS

2. Background CDM in COP3, Kyoto 1997
CDM Guidelines Cairo, January 12-13, 2004
TIMS/EEAA CD4CDM- First National Workshop (Phase II) UNEP RISO / APEX
Background
CDM in COP3, Kyoto 1997
Marrakech Accords upon CDM procedures and modalities, 2007
The dual objectives of CDM:
Reducing global GHG emissions and,
Contributing to sustainable development in the host country
Challenges that face CDM, related to definitions, procedures,
Challenges encountered in the CDM project through implementation and life cycle
The role of CDM Guidelines

3. CDM Guidelines Cairo, January 12-13, 2004
TIMS/EEAA CD4CDM- First National Workshop (Phase II) UNEP RISO / APEX
Concept of Guidelines
The guidelines include definitions and rules for issues and procedures of CDM.
Guidelines set out by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its related Protocols and Accords.
Guidelines set by entities working in CDM
Differences between guidelines
Concerns of Guidelines set by UNEP/Risoe:
Project cycle
Project Design Document, PDD
Sustainable Development Criteria
Purpose of Guidelines set by e7 is depicting recommendations based on e7 project experience
The present work is a brief to merging the UNDP/Risoe and e7 Guidelines

4. The Kyoto Mechanism for GHG abatement
CDM Guidelines Cairo, January 12-13, 2004
TIMS/EEAA CD4CDM- First National Workshop (Phase II) UNEP RISO / APEX
Basic Issues:
The Kyoto Mechanism for GHG abatement
Sectors/Source Categories of CDM Emissions Reduction
The Basic CDM project Conditions

5. The Kyoto Mechanism for GHG abatement
CDM Guidelines Cairo, January 12-13, 2004
TIMS/EEAA CD4CDM- First National Workshop (Phase II) UNEP RISO / APEX
The Kyoto Mechanism for GHG abatement
The Clean Development Mechanism, CDM,
By which Annex I Parties may create certified emission reduction units through the implementation of projects to reduce GHG emissions in the territories of non-Annex I Parties;
Joint Implementation, JI
By which Annex I Parties may receive allocated emission reduction units through the implementation of projects to reduce GHG emissions or increase removals by sinks in the territories of other Annex I Parties, and
Emissions Trading, where Annex I Parties may acquire assigned amount units from other Annex I Parties

6. Sectors/Source Categories of CDM Emissions Reduction
CDM Guidelines Cairo, January 12-13, 2004
TIMS/EEAA CD4CDM- First National Workshop (Phase II) UNEP RISO / APEX
Sectors/Source Categories of CDM Emissions Reduction
The CDM can include projects in the following sectors:
End-use energy efficiency improvement
Supply-side energy efficiency improvement
Renewable energy
Fuel switching
Agriculture
Industrial processes
Solvent and other product use
Waste management
Sinks (only afforestation and reforestation)

7. The Basic CDM project Conditions
CDM Guidelines Cairo, January 12-13, 2004
TIMS/EEAA CD4CDM- First National Workshop (Phase II) UNEP RISO / APEX
The Basic CDM project Conditions
The CDM project must realize the following two basic conditions:
Meet national sustainable development (SD) objectives.
Achieve GHG emissions reductions that are additional to the Business As Usual (BAU) scenario.
Note:
The Sustainable Development concept definition and objectives are a property of each developing country.
The definition of the Business As Usual (BAU) scenario is based on each developing country stated plans. It also invokes the concepts of base-line definition and additionality as bases for project validation

8. CDM Guidelines Cairo, January 12-13, 2004
TIMS/EEAA CD4CDM- First National Workshop (Phase II) UNEP RISO / APEX
The CDM Project Cycle
The CDM project cycle is governed by three key entities:
The Conference Of the Parties serving as the Meeting Of the Parties (COP/MOP)
The CDM Executive Board (EB)
The Designated Operational Entities (DOEs)
Project design, Eligibility, and Documentation.
Third party verification throughout the cycle, [2].

9. CDM Guidelines Cairo, January 12-13, 2004
TIMS/EEAA CD4CDM- First National Workshop (Phase II) UNEP RISO / APEX

10. Project Registration Two steps are required:
CDM Guidelines Cairo, January 12-13, 2004
TIMS/EEAA CD4CDM- First National Workshop (Phase II) UNEP RISO / APEX
Project Registration
Two steps are required:
1. successful Documentation to prove:
Contribution to sustainable development
Additionality
Baseline definition
2. Registration of a CDM project by the EB

11. Sustainable Development
CDM Guidelines Cairo, January 12-13, 2004
TIMS/EEAA CD4CDM- First National Workshop (Phase II) UNEP RISO / APEX
Sustainable Development
The World Commission on Environment and Development (1987) defined sustainable development as: “Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”.
Indicators of sustainable development:
Environmental
Social
Economic

12. CDM Guidelines Cairo, January 12-13, 2004
TIMS/EEAA CD4CDM- First National Workshop (Phase II) UNEP RISO / APEX
Examples of major sustainability indicators that can be used in relation to CDM projects

13. CDM Guidelines Cairo, January 12-13, 2004
TIMS/EEAA CD4CDM- First National Workshop (Phase II) UNEP RISO / APEX

14. CDM Guidelines Cairo, January 12-13, 2004
TIMS/EEAA CD4CDM- First National Workshop (Phase II) UNEP RISO / APEX

15. CDM Guidelines Cairo, January 12-13, 2004
TIMS/EEAA CD4CDM- First National Workshop (Phase II) UNEP RISO / APEX
Illustrative example of qualitative assessment of the SD impacts of introducing a biogas plant to substitute woodfuel and kerosene consumption

16. Additionality Additionality means that the project must provide:
CDM Guidelines Cairo, January 12-13, 2004
TIMS/EEAA CD4CDM- First National Workshop (Phase II) UNEP RISO / APEX
Additionality
Additionality means that the project must provide:
“reductions in emissions that are additional to any that would occur in the absence of the certified project activity.” (Art. 12.5, Kyoto protocol)
The Marrakesh Accords define additionality in:
“Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions”
Note:
A specific concern must be paid for the level of data that may0 affect the transaction costs.

17. CDM Guidelines Cairo, January 12-13, 2004
TIMS/EEAA CD4CDM- First National Workshop (Phase II) UNEP RISO / APEX
Baseline Methodology
The baseline methodology is key to the proof of additionality
The baseline represents the reference scenario and must be defined as follows:
In accordance with the provisions for the use of approved or new methodologies,
In a transparent and conservative manner regarding the choice of approaches, assumptions, methodologies, parameters, data sources, key factors and additionality, taking into account uncertainty;
On a project-specific basis; and
Taking into account relevant national and/or sectoral policies and circumstances.

18. CDM Guidelines Cairo, January 12-13, 2004
TIMS/EEAA CD4CDM- First National Workshop (Phase II) UNEP RISO / APEX
Illustrative examples of such tools include, but are not limited to:
A flow-chart or series of questions that lead to a narrowing of potential baseline options; and/or
A qualitative or quantitative assessment of different potential options and an indication of why the non-project option is more likely; and/or
A qualitative or quantitative assessment of one or more barriers facing the proposed project activity, such as those laid out for small-scale
CDM projects; and/or
An indication that the project type is not common practice (i.e., occurs in less than [<x%] of similar cases) in the proposed area of implementation, and not required by recent/pending legislation/regulations.

19. Five steps are identified for the definition of an emissions baseline:
CDM Guidelines Cairo, January 12-13, 2004
TIMS/EEAA CD4CDM- First National Workshop (Phase II) UNEP RISO / APEX
Five steps are identified for the definition of an emissions baseline:
1. Set project boundary,
2. Define project conditions,
3. Discuss project barriers,
4. Select the most appropriate baseline methodology,
5. Calculate baseline emissions.

20. Project Design Document, (PDD)
CDM Guidelines Cairo, January 12-13, 2004
TIMS/EEAA CD4CDM- First National Workshop (Phase II) UNEP RISO / APEX
Project Design Document, (PDD)
As defined by the Executive Board EB, Required Content of a Project Design Document (PDD) are:
A. General description of project activity
B. Baseline methodology
C. Duration of the project activity/crediting period
D. Monitoring methodology and plan
E. Calculation of GHG emission by sources
F. Environmental impacts
G. Stakeholder comments

21. CDM Guidelines Cairo, January 12-13, 2004
TIMS/EEAA CD4CDM- First National Workshop (Phase II) UNEP RISO / APEX
PDD (Cont.)
Annex 1. Contact information on project participants
Annex 2. Information regarding public funding
Annex 3. New baseline methodology
Annex 4. New monitoring methodology
Annex 5. Table of baseline data
Note: Annex 3-5 are not necessary for the small-scale CDM and Annex 3-4 are expected
The Website “ “ encounters the PDD for normal CDM projects and small-scale CDM projects.to be removed from the PDD and included in two separate stand-alone forms.

22. Third Party Verification
CDM Guidelines Cairo, January 12-13, 2004
TIMS/EEAA CD4CDM- First National Workshop (Phase II) UNEP RISO / APEX
Third Party Verification
Designated Operational Entity (DOE) has four key functions:
Validate and subsequently request registration of a proposed CDM project activity,
Verify emission reductions of a registered CDM project activity,
Certify as emission reductions, as appropriate, and,
Request the Board to issue Certified Emissions Reductions.

23. Type I: Renewable energy projects
CDM Guidelines Cairo, January 12-13, 2004
TIMS/EEAA CD4CDM- First National Workshop (Phase II) UNEP RISO / APEX
The EB’s present the following small-scale CDM project activity Categories:
Type I: Renewable energy projects
A. Electricity generation by the user
B. Mechanical energy for the user
C. Thermal energy for the user
D. Renewable electricity generation for a grid

24. Type II: Energy efficiency improvement projects
CDM Guidelines Cairo, January 12-13, 2004
TIMS/EEAA CD4CDM- First National Workshop (Phase II) UNEP RISO / APEX
Type II: Energy efficiency improvement projects
A. Supply side energy efficiency improvements - transmission and distribution
B. Supply side energy efficiency improvements - generation
C. Demand-side energy efficiency programs for specific technologies
D. Energy efficiency and fuel switching measures for industrial facilities
E. Energy efficiency and fuel switching measures for buildings

25. Type III: Other project activities A. Agriculture
CDM Guidelines Cairo, January 12-13, 2004
TIMS/EEAA CD4CDM- First National Workshop (Phase II) UNEP RISO / APEX
Type III: Other project activities
A. Agriculture
B. Switching fossil fuels
C. Emission reductions by low-greenhouse gas emission vehicles
D. Methane recovery and avoidance
Note:
If a new project belongs to none of the existing categories of small-scale projects, the project developer should propose a new category to the EB before submitting a project PDD. The proposal must include a description of how a simplified baseline and monitoring methodology would be applied to the new category.

26. CDM Guidelines Cairo, January 12-13, 2004
TIMS/EEAA CD4CDM- First National Workshop (Phase II) UNEP RISO / APEX
Conclusions
The current bureaucratic complications in the verification, validation and crediting process have the potential to weigh down the CDM process and discourage its use.
The first CDM projects are important steps towards developing a realistic assessment of the CDM’s potential.

27. Thank you