Objectives: Atoms and Elements Lesson 1

Objectives: Atoms and Elements Lesson 1
There are billions of materials in our universe. Those materials are made up from about 100 elements only.

Groups Can you put these in some sort of order?

What is an atom? They are the basic building blocks of matter.

Lets take a look deep inside
Andy the Hydrogen Atom Lets take a look deep inside

This is a Proton. Positive Charge weighs ONE Tells what type of atom it is GIRL

This is a Proton. Positive Charge weighs ONE Tells what type of atom it is GIRL This is a Neutron No Charge, Weighs One NUN (does not date)

This is an Electron No Weight Negative charge BOY
This is a Proton. Positive Charge weighs ONE Tells what type of atom it is GIRL This is a Neutron No Charge, Weighs ONE NUN (does not date)

An element is a substance that is made from one kind of atom only
An element is a substance that is made from one kind of atom only. It cannot be broken down into simpler substances. atom atom An element An element

Molecules A Molecule is a chemical in which more than one atom is chemically combined. (Can be formed from the same or different elements).

A compound is a substance that is made from more than one element.
atom atom A compound made up of 2 different elements A compound made up of 7 different elements

A compound can be broken down into elements
An element An element A compound made up of 3 different elements An element

Water Coal Carbon dioxide Oxygen Chalk Wax Table salt Caffeine
Material Made up of: Element or compound Water Hydrogen and Oxygen Coal Carbon Carbon dioxide Carbon and Oxygen Oxygen Chalk Calcium, Carbon & Oxygen Wax Carbon & Hydrogen Table salt Sodium & Chlorine Caffeine Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen & Oxygen

Water Compound Coal Element Carbon dioxide Oxygen Chalk Wax Table salt
Material Element or compound Water Compound Coal Element Carbon dioxide Oxygen Chalk Wax Table salt Caffeine

Physical and Chemical Change
Lesson 2 Objectives: To understand the difference between physical and chemical change and to identify the 5 signs of chemical change

Physical changes are those changes that do not result in the production of a new substance. If you melt a block of ice, you still have H2O at the end of the change.

If you break a bottle, you still have glass
If you break a bottle, you still have glass. Painting your nails will not stop them from being fingernails. Some common examples of physical changes are: melting, freezing, condensing, breaking, crushing, cutting, and bending.

Some, but not all physical changes can be reversed
Some, but not all physical changes can be reversed. You could refreeze the water into ice, but you cannot put your hair back together if you don’t like your haircut!

Special types of physical changes where any object changes state, such as when water freezes or evaporates, are sometimes called change of state operations.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Chemical properties can ONLY be observed AS the substances are changing into different substances.

Chemical changes, or chemical reactions, are changes that result in the production of another substance.

FLAMMABILITY: A material’s ability to BURN in the presence of OXYGEN

REACTIVITY: How readily (easily) a substance combines chemically with other substances.

Which has higher reactivity
Which has higher reactivity? A 14 karat gold ring or a cheap metal ring from the vending machine at the grocery store? What is your evidence?

When you burn a log in a fireplace, you are carrying out a chemical reaction that releases carbon. When you light your Bunsen burner in lab, you are carrying out a chemical reaction that produces water and carbon dioxide.

Common examples of chemical changes that you may be somewhat familiar with are; digestion, respiration, photosynthesis, burning, and decomposition.

List 5 signs that a chemical reaction has occurred?
1) Change in Odour  2) Change in Colour  3) Solid Precipitate is Formed  4) Gas Formed  5) Release/Absorption of energy (heat)

Physical or Chemical Change?
Painting Wood PHYSICAL

Burning Paper CHEMICAL

Digestion of food CHEMICAL

Sugar dissolving in water PHYSICAL
Physical or Chemical Change? Sugar dissolving in water PHYSICAL

Iron turning red when heated PHYSICAL
Physical or Chemical Change? Iron turning red when heated PHYSICAL

Evaporation PHYSICAL

A pond freezing in winter PHYSICAL
Physical or Chemical Change? A pond freezing in winter PHYSICAL

Melting ice PHYSICAL

Cutting wire PHYSICAL

Painting fingernails PHYSICAL

Cutting fabric PHYSICAL

Baking muffins CHEMICAL

Shattering glass PHYSICAL

Decomposition of old leaves CHEMICAL
Physical or Chemical Change? Decomposition of old leaves CHEMICAL

Wrinkling a shirt PHYSICAL

An old nail rusting CHEMICAL

The Periodic Table Objective:
To learn the symbols and properties of 20 elements in the periodic table.

The Periodic Table is a useful way to arrange elements.
The vertical columns are called groups. The horizontal rows are called periods. Elements in the same group have similar properties. Three quarters of the elements are metals. One quarter of the elements are non-metals.

Rules for chemical symbols in the periodic table:
The symbol is usually the first one or two letters of the name. Sometimes the old (Latin) name is used . The first letter of a symbol id always a capital letter. The second letter of a symbol is always a small letter. Every element has a different symbol.

Now look in your periodic table and find the symbols of the following elements, then find out if it is a metal or a non-metal: Copper …….. Iron ……….. Magnesium ……….. Chlorine ……….. Carbon ………… Sodium ……. Lead ………. Gold ……… Calcium …….. Fluorine ……….

Now look in your periodic table and find name that corresponds to the following symbol:
Fe …….. Mg ……….. Ag ……….. K ……….. C ………… Ca ……. Na ………. N ……… Ne …….. Pb ……….

The Periodic Table Q1. The symbol of Nitrogen is: a. Na b. N c. Ni
Q2. Hg is the symbol of: a. Hydrogen b. Helium c. Mercury Q3. The percentage of metals in the periodic table is: a. 75% b. 50% c. 25% Q4. Water is not in the periodic table because: a. It is a liquid substance b. It is a natural substance c. It is a compound not an element

Q1. Name a metal in group 1 that is in the same period as Magnesium.
Q2. Name a metal in group 2 that in the same period as Lithium. Q3. Name a non-metal in the same group as Nitrogen. Q4. Name a noble gas in the same period as Oxygen. Q5. Name a gas in group 7 that is in the same period as Aluminium.

Objectives: 1. In all chemical equations the reactants turn into products and we have an arrow between the two as shown here: Reactants Products

Indicators of chemical reactions
Emission of light or heat Formation of a gas Formation of a precipitate Color change Emission of odor

All chemical reactions:
have two parts Reactants - the substances you start with Products- the substances you end up with The reactants turn into the products. Reactants ® Products

Symbols used in equations
(s) after the formula –solid Cu(s) (g) after the formula –gas H2 (g) (l) after the formula -liquid H2O(l) (aq) after the formula - dissolved in water, an aqueous solution. CaCl2 (aq) used after a product indicates a gas (same as (g)) O2 ¯ used after a product indicates a solid (same as (s)) CaCo3 ¯

The Reaction The thermit reaction is used by the railway engineers to mend cracked iron rail. It is a very useful reaction between Aluminium and Iron oxide to produce Aluminium oxide and Iron. Aluminium + Iron oxide Aluminium oxide + Iron The reaction gives out a lot of heat, enough heat to melt the Iron produced which can be therefore poured into the gaps in the rails.

Copy down the following equations in your book
Copy down the following equations in your book. Underline the reactants and circle the products in each of the equations: Magnesium + Oxygen Magnesium oxide Iron + Oxygen Iron oxide

When you react Magnesium with Oxygen you get:
Oxygen magnesimide b. Magnesium oxygen Magnesium oxide d. Magnesium oxate 2. Sodium is in the same group as: Magnesium b. Aluminium c. Potassium d. Neon 3. The colour of Magnesium oxide is: White b. Black c. Silver d. Brown 4. Calcium Carbonate does not contain: a. Hydrogen b. Oxygen c. Carbon d. Calcium

When you react Magnesium with Oxygen you get:
Oxygen magnesimide b. Magnesium oxygen Magnesium oxide d. Magnesium oxate 2. One of the products of the thermit reaction is: Iron oxide b. Aluminium c. Carbon d. Iron 3. Sodium is in the same group as: Magnesium b. Aluminium c. Potassium d. Neon 4. The colour of Magnesium oxide is: White b. Black c. Silver d. Brown 5. Calcium Carbonate does not contain: a. Hydrogen b. Oxygen c. Carbon d. Calcium

Copy down the following equations in your book
Copy down the following equations in your book. Underline the reactants and circle the products in each of the equations: Magnesium + Oxygen Magnesium oxide Calcium carbonate Calcium Oxide + Carbon dioxide Iron + Bromine Iron bromide Aluminium + Chlorine Aluminium Chloride Iron + Oxygen Iron oxide Lead oxide + Carbon Lead + Carbon dioxide

Law of conservation of mass
1774 Antoine Lavoisier –showed heating the red power HgO causes it to decompose into the silvery liquid mercury and the colorless gas oxygen. 2HgO  2Hg +O2 then show that oxygen is the key substance involved in combustion. Furthermore, he demonstrated by careful measurements that when combustion is carried out in a closed container, the mass of the combustion products is exactly equal to the mass of the starting reactants. (tin + air+ sealed glassed vessel)  (tin oxide + remaining air + glass vessel) Law of conservation of mass ~ The total mass of substances present after a chemical reaction is the same as the total mass of substances before the reaction. Matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.

What is the name of the reaction used by the railway engineers to mend cracked iron rails?
What are the reactants of that reaction? What are the products of that reaction?

Draw a line between the molecule and its name.
Hydrogen chloride HCl Chlorine Cl2 Carbon dioxide CO2 Methane CH4

Objective: 1. Learn the scientific method for naming compounds. 2. There are three rules for naming compounds: the “ide” rule, the “ate” rule and the “same” rule.

Rule 1: When two elements combine the ending is usually ” ……………ide”
Rule 1: When two elements combine the ending is usually ” ……………ide”. metal goes first Sodium Chloride Magnesium Oxide Iron Sulphide Cl Na Mg O Fe S

Rule 2: When three or more different elements combine and one of them is Oxygen, the ending will be “………ate”. metal goes first Copper Sulphate Calcium Carbonate O O Cu S O O O O C Ca O

Rule 3: When two identical elements combine, the name does not change.
H2 = Hydrogen F2 = Fluorine N2 = Nitrogen Cl2 = Chlorine O2 = Oxygen H F N Cl O

Name the following compound
Na2O

CuSO4

MgSO4

ZnO

MgCl2

Name the following molecule

KI

AgNO3

Fill in the blanks: Magnesium + ……………. Magnesium oxide
……………….. + Iodine Hydrogen ………….. ……………. + Oxygen Iron oxide Copper oxide + Carbon ………….. + Carbon dioxide

Chemical Reactions Objectives: 1. The formula of a compound shows the number and the type of atoms in it. 2. A small number after the symbol for each element in a compound shows how many atoms each molecule contain.

Draw a line between the compound and its name:
MgCl2 Magnesium Carbonate NaCl Zinc Fluoride Pb(NO3)2 Magnesium Chloride FeS Iron sulphide CaCO3 Lead nitrate CuSO4 Copper sulphate ZnF2 Potassium Iodide MgCO3 Sodium Chloride KI Calcium Carbonate

1. How many atoms of Hydrogen in one molecule of Methane CH4 ?
2. How many atoms of Nitrogen in one molecule of Lead nitrate Pb(NO3)2 ? 3. Sodium oxide has two atoms of sodium for every atom of oxygen. What is the formula for sodium oxide? 4. Magnesium chloride has one atom of Magnesium for every two atoms of chlorine. What is the formula for Magnesium chloride? 5. How many atoms of Nitrogen in one molecule of Ammonia NH3 ?

How many atoms of Oxygen is there is two molecules of CuSO4 ?
b c d. 8 2. Oxygen will: turn limewater milk b. relight a glowing splint c. burn with a squeaky pop d. put out a glowing splint 3. How many atoms are there altogether in one molecule of MgCl2 ? b c d. 6

Chemical Reactions Objectives: 1. The number of atoms in the reactants are equal to the number of atoms in the products.

Mg + 2 HCl MgCl2 + H2 What are the reactants of the above reaction?
What are the products?

Mg + 2 HCl MgCl2 + H2 Mg Give me your Chlorine and get out of here. H

Mg + CuO MgO + Cu Mg Give me your Oxygen and get out of here. Cu

Thermal Decomposition
Objective: Compounds can be broken down into smaller substances using heat.

Test for gases Carbon dioxide Oxygen Hydrogen
Draw a line between the name of the gas and the method to test for it. relights a glowing splint Carbon dioxide burns with a squeaky pop Oxygen Hydrogen turns limewater cloudy

Investigating whether a mystery substance is an element or a compound.
? element compound metal non-metal

thermal decomposition
What do you think the mystery substance is ??? thermal decomposition CuO + CO2 …………………..

Objectives: Atoms and Elements Lesson 1

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Objectives: Atoms and Elements Lesson 1"— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback

Log in

Auth with social network:

Objectives: Atoms and Elements Lesson 1

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "Objectives: Atoms and Elements Lesson 1"— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback