1. Chapter One Problem Solving
Objectives:
1- Understand what is “ Programming”?
2- Define “Problem” & “ Problem Solving”.
3- Identify the 5- Stages of Problem Solving.
4-Writing “ Algorithm”
5-Draw “ Flow Chart”

2. 1- Understand what is “ Programming”?
Eat a meal
Cook that meal
Buy A Robot
Build A Robot
Use a Game / Software
Create yours with your OWN Criteria
Programmer
User
Programming Languages : C , C++, Basic , Visual C , Visual Basic

3. 2- Define “Problem” & “ Problem Solving”.
Objectives
Outputs
Target/Aim/Goal
- Sequence of Steps
-Activities
Specific Inputs
Through
Using
Attain / Reach
Problem Solving
Problem

4. Define : 1- Problem. 2- Problem Solving .
Class Activity:
Using the Cards _ Group discussion
Define : 1- Problem. 2- Problem Solving .
Ex:
1- “ Blue Hole” / “Black or White Desert”/ “Cosmic Village”
2- Bake a Cake.

5. 3- “ Problem Solving” Stages (5 Stages) :
1. Define the Problem:
Outputs.
Inputs.
Executing Arithmetic or Logical Operations
Example (1):
2 + 3
Example (2):
A kid have 100 pounds, bought a dark choc. for 48 pounds & bottle of water for 4 pounds, So ??

6. 3- “ Problem Solving” Stages (5 Stages) Cont.
2. Step by step instructions:
Write an Algorithm
الخوارزمي
2. Draw a Flow Chart
Start
Example (1):
2 + 3
Input 2 , 3
Start
Inputs : 2, 3
Sum of 2 + 3
Output the Sum.
End
Sum = 2 + 3
Arrows are Must
Output Sum
End

7. Benefits of using Flowcharts:
1- Promotes / facilitate understanding the problem and shows the tasks when writing program codes.
2- Explains the program to others
3- Convenient tool for documenting the program.

8. The Algorithm is represented by drawing flowcharts.
A Group of logically arranged procedures to be executed to attain an output using specific inputs.
The Flow Chart is:
It’ a diagram uses standard Graphical symbols or shapes to illustrate a sequence of steps required to solve the problem.
The Algorithm is represented by drawing flowcharts.

9. 3- “ Problem Solving” Stages (5 Stages) cont.
3. Design the Program:
Writing the code
Using a programming Language

10. During writing program code we can make mistake.
3- “ Problem Solving” Stages (5 Stages) cont.
4. Program Testing ( Debug):
During writing program code we can make mistake.
So, We have to check and enter the data and compare to check the errors and debug / Correct them.
Start
Inputs : 2, 3
Sum of 2 - 3
Output the Sum.
End
Example (1):
2 + 3

11. 3- “ Problem Solving” Stages (5 Stages) cont.
5. Program Documentation:
Is documenting : Given input – output – plan – for solving the
problem – drawn flow chart – programming language – last date modification – people who contribute to the program development
Process. WHY ???
To go back for feedback or correction

12. 1 5 2 4 3 Problem Solving Stages Problem Definition Program
Documenting
-Writing all steps Taken to solve the problem
- People Contributed
Problem
Solving
Stages
Input-Output-Solution 2
Step by step Instructions 4
Program Testing 3
-Writing Algorithm
-Drawing a Flow Chart
Program Design
check and debug
-Writing a code using a
Programming Language

13. Flow Chart:
Diagram that uses standard graphical symbols to illustrate:
the sequence of steps required for solving a problem or specific question ( the algorithm)

14. The most commonly used Symbols:
Significance
(Terminal): Start & End
( Input / Output )
(Process): Arithmetic / Logical
(Decision): Yes / No
(Flow Lines): Directions

15. Example(1-1): Second : Algorithm First : Define the Problem
Draw a flow chart that will calculate the sum of two numbers entered by the user and display the result:
First : Define the Problem
Outputs: The sum of Two Numbers
Inputs: The 1st number is “A”, The 2nd number is “B”
Solution: C = A+B , where C is the result
Third : Flow Chart
Second : Algorithm
1- Start
2- Enter The Number A and the Number B
3- Perform the SUM using : C=A+B , while C is the output
4- Print C
5- End
Start
Enter A and B
C = A+ B
Output C
End

16. Note:
Note:
Key words
Significance
Read
Input
Get
Enter
Print
Output

17. Example(1-2): First : Define the Problem Third : Flow Chart
Draw a flow chart for a program that will compute the Average and the Product of three numbers:
First : Define the Problem
Outputs: The “Average” & the “Product” of three numbers
Inputs: The 1st number is “X”, The 2nd number is “Y”, and the 3rd number is “Z”
Solution: Average = (X*Y*Z)/3 and Product= X*Y*Z
Third : Flow Chart
Second : Algorithm
1- Start
2- Read the values X, Y, Z
3- Average = ( X+Y+Z)/ and
Product = X*Y*Z
4- Print Average and Product
5- End
Start
Read X, Y, Z
Average= (X+Y+Z)/3
Product= X*Y*Z
Print Average, Product
End

18. Note
In Any Equation:
The Left side contains only one variable & it will be the output or the solution of the equation
The Right side may contain values or arithmetic expressions that have one or more variables ( Inputs)

19. Example(1-3): First : Define the Problem Third : Flow Chart
Draw a flow chart for solving a first degree equation Y= 3X+2
First : Define the Problem
Output: The Value of “Y”
Input: X
Solution: Compute the value of “Y” from the Equation “ Y= 3X +2 “
Third : Flow Chart
Second : Algorithm
1- Start
2- Read the value X
3- Calculate Y= (3*X+2)
4- Print value of Y
5- End
Start
Input X
Y = 3*X+2
Print Y
End

20. Area = L*W and Perimeter = 2*( L+W)
Class Activity:
5 Minutes
Activity (1-1)
Write the Algorithm and Draw the flow chart to compute the area and perimeter of a rectangle, whose length and width are known.
Area = L*W and Perimeter = 2*( L+W)

21. Third : Flow Chart Second : Algorithm
First : Define the Problem
Output: ……………………………………………
Input : ……………………………………………
Solution: ……………………………………………
Third : Flow Chart
Second : Algorithm

22. Third : Flow Chart Second : Algorithm
First : Define the Problem
Output: Perimeter , Area of a rectangle
Input : L, Where “L” is length & W, where “W” is width
Solution: Perimeter = 2*(L+W) , Area = L*W
Third : Flow Chart
Second : Algorithm
1- Start
2- Read the values: L & W
3- Calculate Perimeter = 2*(L+W) &
Area = L*W
4- Print the values of Perimeter & Area
5- End
Start
Input L , W
Perimeter = 2*(L+W)
Area = L*W
Print Perimeter &
Area
End

23. Class Activity:
5 Minutes
Activity (1-2)
Write the Algorithm and draw the Flow Chart to calculate the area of a cicle whose radius "R" is known
Circle Area = 3.14 * R *R

24. Third : Flow Chart Second : Algorithm
First : Define the Problem
Output: ……………………………………………
Input : ……………………………………………
Solution: ……………………………………………
Third : Flow Chart
Second : Algorithm

25. Third : Flow Chart Second : Algorithm
First : Define the Problem
Output: Area of a Circle
Input : R, Where “R” is the radius of the circle
Solution: Area = 3.14 *R*R
Third : Flow Chart
Second : Algorithm
1- Start
2- Read the value: R
3- Calculate Area = 3.14 *R *R
4- Print the value Area
5- End
Start
Input R
Area = 3.14 *R*R
Print Area
End

26. Homework:
Activity (1-3)
Write the Algorithm and draw the Flow Chart to calculate the number of years, bearing in mind that the number of months is Known