1. Chapter 13 REVIEW PPT

2. What’s the Sugar in RNA
Ribose

3. How many strands is RNA 1

4. What are the 3 types of RNA
mRNA
rRNA
tRNA

5. What are the 4 nitrogen bases in RNA
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
URACIL

6. Carry a copy of the DNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
Function of mRNA?
Carry a copy of the DNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

7. Function of tRNA
Carry amino acids to the growing protein chain while the ribosome is reading the mRNA

8. Function of rRNA
Make up the ribosome which will “read” the messenger RNA

9. What is the point of transcription?
Copy the DNA onto mRNA

10. Where is transcription in a cell?
Nucleus

11. What is the point of translation?
To “read” the message (the mRNA) and use it to build a protein

12. Where is translation in a cell?
cytoplasm

13. What amino acid does GAU code for??
Aspartic Acid

14. What do we call this picture, what info does it have?
Wheel of codons – has the genetic code

15. In transcription, when we copy the DNA onto RNA, do we make a complementary or identical version of the info
Complementary

16. Where would you find a codon?
On the mRNA

17. Where would you find an anticodon?
On the tRNA

18. How many letters make up a codon?3

19. What does a codon code for?
1 amino acid

20. How does RNA know where to start transcription?
It binds to a promoter

21. What is the central dogma?
In living things , info starts as DNA, gets copied into RNA, and then is made into a protein.

22. Which uses “operons” to regulate genes – prokaryote or eukaryote?

23. Which uses transcription factors to regulate genes – prokaryote or eukaryote?

24. What uses a TATA box and an enhancer to regulate genes?
Eukaryote

25. What uses an operator and repressor protein to regulate genes?
Prokaryote

26. What would be the most way to regulate gene expression?
Control transcription

27. Where does a repressor protein bind?
On an operator

28. Lac genes in the lac operon have instructions to do what?
Make an enzyme (lactase)to digest lactose

29. What does lactose do in the lac operon?
Binds to repressor protein and removes it from the operator so you can do transcription.

30. What happens when you “Express a gene”
You make a protein

31. Which does cell specialization, a prokaryote or eukaryote?

32. Why is gene regulation important for cell specialization?
Cells with special jobs don’t need all the DNA. They need to turn genes “off” or “on”

33. What’s more complex – prokaryote or eukaryote?

34. What would be the benefit of blocking a gene or turning it “off”
You don’t have to waste energy or materials to make a protein you don’t need

35. What’s a mutation?
Change in DNA

36. What effect do most mutations have?
Little to no effect

37. Which mutation generally affects more DNA – point or chromosomal?

38. What’s true about a polyploidy plant?
Extra sets of chromosomes and stronger and hardier

39. What type of mutation swaps out one nitrogen base or nucleotide for another one
Substitution

40. Give an example of a frameshift mutation
Insertion or deletion

41. What type of mutation causes information to reverse
Chromosomal inversion

42. Name one of these types of mutations

43. What’s the function of a ribosome?
A protein factory – it reads the mRNA and helps build proteins