1. Passive and Active Transport
Cell Membrane
Passive and Active Transport

2. Think: What do you know about the cell membrane?
Warm Up:
Think:
What do you know about the cell membrane?
What do you remember from our cell organelle bundle?
Be prepared to share.

3. Warm
Pair: Share your answer with your partner or table. Compare and contrast your answers.

4. Share:
Share with the class when called on!

5. Cell Membrane make-up
The cell membrane is a double-layered sheet called a lipid bilayer.
This layer forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings.
Said to be semipermeable or selectively permeable

6. Parts of the Cell Membrane
Phospholipid Head –
Creates the outside of the membrane
Polar
Hydrophilic – Water Loving

7. Parts of the Cell Membrane
Phospholipid Tail –
Creates the inside of the membrane, causes membrane to stay together
Nonpolar
Hydrophobic – Water Fearing

8. Parts of the Cell Membrane
Integral Proteins –
Completely penetrate the lipid bilayer
Control entry and removal of specific substances

9. Parts of the Cell Membrane
Peripheral Proteins –
Bound to the exterior side of the membrane
Has various functions

10. Parts of the Cell Membrane
Cholesterol –
Help keep the fluidity of the membrane
Fluid Mosaic Model

11. Parts of the Cell Membrane
Carbohydrate Chains –
Serve as the “fingerprints” of the cell
Glycoproteins and Glycolipids allow the cells to recognize each other

12. 4 Main Functions of Cell Membrane
Boundary – Separates the cells from each other and their environment

13. 4 Main Functions of Cell Membrane
Regulator – Allowing some substances to enter or leave the cell but not others
Semi- or Selectively Permeable

14. 4 Main Functions of Cell Membrane
Recognition – help cells identify self from non-self
*Glycoproteins and Glycolipids allow the cells to recognize each other*

15. 4 Main Functions of Cell Membrane
Signaling – allows cells to signal other cells. Cells have proteins called receptors that bind to signaling molecules and initiate a physiological response. Example: Hormones
Different receptors are specific for different molecules.
Receptors can also respond directly to light or pressure.

16. Picture of Cell membrane

17. Passive Transport Requires no energy
Vocabulary to know
Passive Transport
Requires no energy
Movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration
Working towards homeostasis

18. 3 Types of Passive Transport 1. Diffusion
Diffusion is the movement of small molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Such as O2 or CO2
Ex: spray perfume at the front of the room it will move to the back of the room.

19. 3 Types of Passive Transport 1. Diffusion
The rate of diffusion can be affected by:
temperature
particle size
concentration gradient difference

20. Diffusion

21. Warm Up for 10/6/16
1. If someone sitting at the other end of a restaurant smokes a cigarette, you may still breathe in some of the smoke. The movement of the smoke molecules through the air of the restaurant into your cells is an example of ____________. How do you know? 2. This molecule can be classified as ________. How do you know?

22. 2. Osmosis
Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane
Water will diffuse from a high concentration of water molecules to an area of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached.
This occurs through a protein called an aquaporin

23. Osmosis

24. Osmosis
“Water follows Solute”

25. Think – compare and contrast diffusion and osmosis by yourself.
Pause!
Think – compare and contrast diffusion and osmosis by yourself.
Pair – share you answers with your elbow partner.
Share – be prepared to share with the class.

26. Terms to Know for Osmosis
Hyper = More
Hypo = Less Tonic = Solute
Iso = Equal
Solute = What is being dissolved
Solvent = What the Solute is being dissolved in
Solution = Outside of the cell
Cell = inside of the cell
*In osmosis, water always moves toward the hypertonic solution; that is, toward the solution with the greater solute concentration.*

27. Plant and Animal Terms Plant words Animal word
Turgid = Full vacuole – pushing out on cell walls
Flaccid = Empty vacuole – wilting
Plasmolysis – Cell membrane moves away from the cell wall leaving gaps – plant only
Animal word
Cytolysis (lysis)- Cell bursts due to too much water entering the cell – Animals only

28. Solute concentration same inside & outside cell, water goes in & out
The Effects of Osmosis
Higher solute concentration. outside cell, more water inside – water goes out -Crenation
Higher solute concentration inside cell, more water outside - water goes in
Solute concentration same inside & outside cell, water goes in & out

31. Effects of Osmosis You Label it
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Hypotonic

32. Learning Check!
Which of the following pictures would the plant be considered flaccid?
Which would be considered turgid?

33. Warm Up for 10/7/16

34. 3. Facilitated Diffusion
Molecules that can not cross the lipid bilayer because they are too large (such as glucose) move through protein channels. (doorway)
This movement does not require the addition of energy. It still moves from High to Low concentration

36. Types of Proteins
1. Channel proteins - are ion selective, and contain a pore in which solutes pass at high rates when the channel is open.
2. Carrier proteins are the integral proteins which extend into the lipid bilayer of cell membrane, and serve as channels for water soluble substances such as glucose and electrolytes
3. Protein Pumps – discussed during Active Transport.

37. Facilitated Diffusion

38. Active Transport Requires the input of energy (ATP)
Material moves against the concentration gradient; material moves from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration.

39. Types of Active Transport
Bulk Transport:
1. Endocytosis – Taking material into the cell by means of infoldings, or pockets, of the cell membrane.
Phagocytosis – taking in food particles
Pinocytosis – taking in liquid particles
2. Exocytosis – The removal of large amounts of material from the cell.

40. Endocytosis & Exocytosis

41. Types of Active Transport
3. Protein Pump – The protein binds a molecule of the substance to be transported on one side of the membrane, changes shape, and releases it on the other side.
Ex: Sodium – Potassium Pump

42. Macrophages ingesting bacterial by phagocytosis

43. Learning Check!
The process most directly involved with the exchange of gasses between these air sacs and blood vessels is:
 a. Active transport c. Synthesis
b. Diffusion d. Glycolysis

44. Learning Check!
The process most directly involved with the exchange of gasses between these air sacs and blood vessels is:
 a. Active transport c. Synthesis
b. Diffusion d. Glycolysis

45. Learning Check!
In osmosis, water always moves toward the ____ solution: that is, toward the solution with the ____ solute concentration.      
a. isotonic…greater    c. hypertonic…lesser
b. hypertonic…greater d. hypotonic…greater  

46. Learning Check!
In osmosis, water always moves toward the ____ solution: that is, toward the solution with the ____ solute concentration.      
a. isotonic…greater    c. hypertonic…lesser
b. hypertonic…greater d. hypotonic…greater  

47. Learning Check!
The diagram to the left illustrates how plant root cells take in mineral ions from the surrounding soil. Which of the following processes is illustrated?
a. Active transport
b. Diffusion
c. Osmosis
d. Passive filtration

48. Learning Check!
The diagram to the left illustrates how plant root cells take in mineral ions from the surrounding soil. Which of the following processes is illustrated?
a. Active transport
b. Diffusion
c. Osmosis
d. Passive filtration