1. AUTOMOTIVE PRIME MOVERS : INTRODUCTION
P M V Subbarao
Professor
Mechanical Engineering Department
An Unending Search for Best Artificial Horse …..
This Search is a Biological Need of Humans…

2. MOST EXOTIC NEED OF HUMANS :Mobile Power : Animal Driven Vehicles

3. An Exclusive Thermodynamic Characteristic of Humans
Life on Earth
The humans are extra-somatic heterotrophs.
Motive Power is An important Extra-somatic Need
Autotrophs
Heterotrophs

4. Are the Solutions Well Thought?
Creation of Motive Power: Dangerous & Inhuman Technologies by copying

5. The Greatest Philanthropist
As an English army officer, Thomas Savery was once ejected from the Lord of the Admiralty's office as a lunatic because he proposed a ship that could be propelled by side-mounted wheels rather than by wind or oars.

6. The Family of Steam Engines : Unfit to be an Artificial Horse

7. James Watt’s Engine :The Artificial Horse Evolved over 100 Years
James Watt radically improved Newcomen's engine (1769) by condensing the steam outside the cylinder .

8. Steam Wagon : Last decade of 19th Century

9. The Otto’s Artificial Horse
Nicolaus Ottowas's first occupation was as a traveling salesman selling tea, coffee, and sugar.
He soon developed an interest in the new technologies of the day and began experimenting with building four-stroke engines.
After meeting Eugen Langen, a technician and owner of a sugar factory, Otto quit his job, and in 1864, the duo started the world's first engine manufacturing company N.A. Otto & Cie (now DEUTZ AG, Köln).
In 1867, the pair were awarded a Gold Medal at the Paris World Exhibition for their atmospheric gas engine built a year earlier.

10. Why road steam disappeared
Road steam disappeared through becoming uneconomical to operate.
By 1921, steam tractors had demonstrated clear economic advantages over horse power for heavy hauling and short journeys.
However, petrol lorries were starting to show better efficiency and could be purchased cheaply as war surplus.
On a busy route a 3-ton petrol lorry could save about £100 per month compared to its steam equivalent, in spite of restrictive speed limits, and relatively high fuel prices and maintenance costs

11. Diesel’s Artificial Horse
Diesel was graduated in January 1880 with highest academic honours.
Diesel understood thermodynamics and the theoretical and practical constraints on fuel efficiency.
He first worked with steam, his research into thermal efficiency and fuel efficiency leading him to build a steam engine using ammonia vapour.
He then began designing an engine based on the Carnot cycle, and in 1893, Diesel published a treatise entitled
Theorie und Konstruktion eines rationellen Wärmemotors zum Ersatz der Dampfmaschine und der heute bekannten Verbrennungsmotoren.
Theory and Construction of a Rational Heat-engine to Replace the Steam Engine and Combustion Engines Known Today.

12. Human Evolution due to Extra-somatism

13. Evolution of Intelligent Species : Artificial Horse
World's first inexpensive car : In Benz Velo, hp & 20 km/hr.
14 liters per 100 kilometers. 
World’s most fuel efficient car : Volkswagen's diesel-hybrid XL1, 2013, 75 hp & 306 km/hr.
1.0 liter per 100 kilometers

14. Immediate Needs

15. Kelvin Planks postulate
“It is impossible to construct a heat engine which produces no other effect than the extraction of heat from a single source and the production of an equivalent amount of work”
On the other side
It is possible to construct a heat engine which produces no other effect than the extraction of work from a single source and the production of an equivalent amount of heat

16. The Biological Measure of Intelligence
Species
Simple brain-to body ratio (E:S)[1]
small ants
1:7[2]
tree shrew
1:10
small birds
1:14
human
1:40
mouse
cat
1:110
dog
1:125
squirrel
1:150
frog
1:172
lion
1:550
elephant
1:560
horse
1:600
shark
1:2496
hippopotamus
1:2789

17. Evolution of Intelligent Species : Natural Engine

18. The Law of Learning
one fourth from the teacher, one fourth from own intelligence, one fourth from classmates, and one fourth only with time.
Mahabharath

19. Anatomy of an Artificial Horse for Busy Roads

20. A Faraday Future FF 91 electric car
FF91 is displayed on stage during an unveiling event at CES in Las Vegas, Nevada January 3, REUTERS/Steve Marcus

21. Prius : Toyoto Hybrid vehicle