1. ICE AND OCEAN ACTIVITIES
Fate of the sea ice cover
Commerce and transportation
Oil and gas recovery
Fisheries
Human dimensions (e.g. safety at sea)
Coastal erosion
Changing ocean circulation system
Impact on ecosystem
Heat budget
Freshwater budget
Changing marine ecosystem
Productivity
Human dimension
Endangered and invasive species
Drivers:

2. SEA ICE COVER
Pretty good: NOAA satellite products used to determine ice extent and concentration
Qualifier: Need to develop new algorithms as modified and new instrumentation is developed
Calibration
Not so good: ice thickness

3. SEA ICE THICKNESS Tools:
Satellite-based instruments (e.g. lidar altimeter)
Ideal for spatial coverage
Early stages of a developing technology
Submarines
Point measurements: drifting buoys and moorings
Well-advanced
Near real time observations on state of system
Good for validation and calibration of satellite-based instruments and models
AUVs (air and ocean): early stages
Seasonal IMB buoys: a dream
Models
Extend observations
Use to optimize deployment strategy (identify regions vs grid)
Available

4. OCEAN State of the ocean and its change Approaches
Extension of ARGO concept observing system into the Arctic
Moorings
Sections
AUVs
Drifting buoys
Aircraft

5. ECOSYSTEM Arctic Ocean extending into Bering Sea
Enhanced observations network for Arcitc marine ecosystems
Coupled population dynamics and ecological models
Census of Arctic marine life (repeating)
Improved understanding of ice edge processes and their impact
Utilization of data collected by commercial vessels

6. OBSERVING NETWORK Jackie, Susan, Andrey, Taneil
Maintain and develop current activities
Long term investment
Transition from research to operational tool
Instrumentation:
Drifting buoys:
IABP: met (SAT, SLP), ice motion
Ice mass balance: monitor and attribute changes in ice thickness, ice motion
Ocean properties: changes in the temperature and salinity structure, ice motion
Bathymetry
Biological properties: state of the ecosystem
Mooring:
Ice thickness
Platform for other instruments
Tagging marine mammals and fish (behavior and environment)

7. OTHER ACTIVITIES Data assimilation in ice/ocean model (modeling)
Extreme storm events: identify obs needed for storm surge models
Fluxes in, out and within of the Arctic
Models used to unify themes and fill in gaps (modeling)
Surface energy balance drifting buoys (atmosphere)