1. Using ASHRAE 180 To Increase Filter Sales
Robert G. Baker, ASHRAE OPMP, DL, DS
BBJ Environmental Solutions
Tampa, Florida

2. What we will cover Why maintenance is so important
ASHRAE’s new HVAC maintenance standard (S180)
What we are trying to maintain
Utilizing the standard
Achieving greater energy efficiency by managing pressure drop
The role of air cleaning
Where the standard is going

3. The new‘Burbs’

4. The earth is flat We are competing for:
Jobs
Cash
Food
Resources
Energy

6. Total Energy Consumption United States6

7. ASHRAE ‘Tips’
Demand accurate design and construction records and understand how the system works
Demand accurate commissioning information; keep records up-to-date.
Change things that don’t work.
Check calibration of sensors against data and common sense.
Look for patterns in occupant complaints and apply cause analysis.
Decide whether to get to know the occupants or stay remote. Establish lines of communication.

8. Tips (contd.) Collect key data and use it to plot trends.
Establish energy baseline and sustain performance.
Use qualified well-trained staff. Operations and maintenance cost will exceed construction costs over the life of the building.
Read and apply ASHRAE/ACCA Standard 180, Standard Practice for Inspection and Maintenance of Commercial Building HVAC Systems.
Read and apply Chapter 38 of the ASHRAE Handbook, HVAC Application.
Take the test and obtain ASHRAE OPMP Certification.

9. Especially Important Collect key data and use it to plot trends.
Establish energy baseline and sustain performance.

10. Our Concentration:
Air Movement system

11. Impact on Performance Adequate – high efficiency
Lacking – compromised performance

12. ASHRAE/ACCA/ANSI S-180 Title
Standard Practice for Inspection and Maintenance of Commercial Building HVAC Systems

13. Commercial Buildings (definition)
Buildings shall include, but are not limited to governmental and educational facilities, healthcare, hospitality, institutions, offices, places of assembly, restaurants, retail, and wholesale.

14. Standard 180
Purpose
The purpose of this standard is to establish minimum HVAC inspection and maintenance requirements that preserve a system’s ability to achieve acceptable thermal comfort, energy efficiency, and indoor air quality in commercial buildings.

15. Standard 180
Scope
This standard provides minimum requirements for the HVAC system inspection and maintenance practice in new and existing buildings. Where specifically noted in this standard, different requirements apply.

16. What Does the Standard Require?
Written Maintenance Program

17. Written Maintenance Program
May be hard copy or electronic
Many building information systems will facilitate

18. What Does the Standard Require?
Written Maintenance Program
Inventory of Components to be Maintained

19. Inventory of items to be inspected and maintained (4.2.1)
Components of HVAC systems that impact the building’s performance shall be inventoried…

20. Standard 180 – Airside Components
Table 5-1: Air Distribution
Table 5-2: Air Handlers
Table 5-12: Free Standing Coils
Table 5-14: Fan Coils
Table 5-15: Furnaces
Table 5-16: Duct Free Splits
Table 5-17(18): PTAC(PTHP)
Table 5-20:Rooftops
Table 5-22: Boxes (VAV etc.)
Table 5-24: WSHP

21. Airside Performance Issues?
If so important, why so many:
Airside Performance Issues?
Air leaks
Infiltration
Air flow volume
Restrictions (filters; coils)
Fans
Dampers
Controls …

23. Possible Reasons Lack of personnel Training/knowledge Data
Salesmanship
People not motivated to change!

24. Standard 180 and Air Cleaning Key Tasks -
Check for particulate accumulation on filters. Clean or replace if accumulation results in pressure drop or airflow outside of established operating limits.
Monthly

25. Or Use Data

26. Standard 180 and Air Cleaning Key Tasks -
Check for particulate accumulation on filters. Clean or replace if accumulation results in pressure drop or airflow outside of established operating limits.
Monthly
Check air filter and housing integrity. Correct as needed.
At filter change

30. The Inside…

31. Couple Training with Resources

33. Standard 180 and Air Cleaning Key Tasks -
Check for particulate accumulation on filters. Clean or replace if accumulation results in pressure drop or airflow outside of established operating limits.
Monthly
Check air filter and housing integrity. Correct as needed.
At filter change
Check integrity of all panels on equipment. Replace fasteners as needed to ensure proper integrity and fit/finish of equipment.
Annually

34. Standard 180 and Air Cleaning Other Related -
Visually inspect grilles, registers and diffusers for dirt accumulation. Clean as needed to remove dirt build up
Simi-annually
Inspect for evidence of moisture carryover beyond the drain pan from cooling coils. Make corrections or repairs as necessary. Visually inspect areas of moisture accumulation for biological growth. If present, clean or disinfect as needed.
Annually
Visually inspect internally lined ductwork until the first turn or up to 20 feet into the supply plenum from air handler for visible biological contamination, and take corrective action.

36. Standard 180 and Air Cleaning Indicators -
Check for proper operation of cooling or heating coil. Clean, restore or replace as required.
Simi-annually
Check coil fins for evidence of build-up or fouling. Restore if possible. Replace coil if necessary to return to proper functioning.
Annually
Check fan blades. Clean, repair or replace as needed to ensure proper operation.
Check for fouling, corrosion or degradation. Clean or repair as needed.
Inspect for evidence of moisture carryover beyond the drain pan from cooling coils. Make corrections or repairs as necessary.

37. From 8-16/”

39. What Does the Standard Require?
Written Maintenance Program
Inventory of Components to be Maintained
Condition Indicators

40. Condition Indicators
Performance Objectives
Allowed Variance

41. Condition Indicators Appendix A – Performance Objective Examples
Appendix B – Example indicators of unacceptable performance

42. Inventory - For each component
Task description
What has to be done

43. Tasks Vary – Simple to Complex
Visually inspect grilles, registers and diffusers for dirt accumulation. Clean as needed to remove dirt build up
Check control system and devices for evidence of improper operation. Repair, adjust or replace components to ensure proper operation

44. 11 of 31; Avg-55

45. 11 of 31; Avg-55; 40% Occ.

46. What turns it on?

47. Do they work together?

48. Inventory - For each component
Task description
What has to be done
Since inspection is a common theme of most tasks, access is important.

49. Access to Sensors - Measurement

50. Blocked Access

51. Inventory - For each component
Task description
What has to be done
Frequency
How often it has to be done

52. May Need Adjustment
3 months?

53. 18 months?

54. Inventory - For each component
Task description
What has to be done
Frequency
How often it has to be done
Performance objectives
May be several for each task

55. Inventory - For each component
Task description
What has to be done
Frequency
How often it has to be done
Performance objectives
Condition Indicators
Observation related

58. Inventory - For each component
Task description
What has to be done
Frequency
How often it has to be done
Performance objectives
May be several for each task
Condition Indicators
Observation related
Performance Related

60. Pressure Drop – Cooling Coil
Building A
31 Floors
1 AHU/floor
∆ P High/Low/Avg /0.26/0.66
Building B
11 Floors
∆ P High/Low/Avg- 0.5/0.14/0.4

61. Annual Electric Cost High – $991.17 Average – $382.06 Low - $149.83
The High Rise (per AHU)
High – $991.17
Average – $382.06
Low - $149.83
Annual savings by bringing average to low = $7,199.13

62. Energy Consumption = Q x dP x t / n / 1000
Cost Calculation
Energy Consumption = Q x dP x t / n / 1000
where Q is the airflow in cubic meters per second: 2119 cubic feet per minute (cfm)
dP is the average pressure drop of filter in Pascals: 249 Pascals = 1 inch water gauge
t is the time in hours
n is the product of the fan, motor, and drive efficiencies entered in percent format
Energy Consumption is calculated in kilowatt hours.
Tampa electric rate = $0.06/Kwh

63. What Does the Standard Require?
Written Maintenance Program
Inventory of Components to be Maintained
Performance Objectives
Condition Indicators
Inspection/Maintenance Tasks
Documentation

64. Documentation Inventory – with performance criteria
Tasks and tracking method
Verification records (implementation)

67. Maintenance Repays Costs Many Times

68. Building and Working a Plan
Identify the building
Complete the inventory
Select the tasks
Establish condition indicators
Implement
Adjust frequencies
Audit
Revise as needed

69. Codes and Standard 180
Basis for code inclusion

70. Code Inclusion; for and against
Inconsistency
Energy waste
Sustainability
Health
Productivity
Post CO
Enforcement cost
Building budgets
Difficulty
Skill sets

71. Codes and Standard 180
Basis for code inclusion
How to implement

72. Code Implementation Annual inspection/w associated fee
Review of Maintenance Plan
Confirmation of Inventory
Spot check of inspection records (10%)
Physical verification of condition
No pass: 6 month re-inspection?

73. Your Opinions, Please… and Questions…

74. For Further Information
Robert Baker
408 14th Street SW
Ruskin, FL 33570