1. Fundamentals of Design
BEST -- MARS
Fundamentals of Design

2. BEST -- MARS Design Process Mars Environment
How Do You Get There? (and survive the trip)
In Situ Resource Utilization

3. Design First Stop and Think Ask Yourself:
Why am I making this? What is my mission?
What does it need to do? What do I want it to do?
Who cares? Why do they care?
What are the rules? Is it safe?
What do I have to make this?
How long do I have to make it?
Where will my widget be? What is its environment?
Can I test it?
Look at it from God’s Point of View

4. The Design Vee Why? What? Where? Who cares? (Think First) It works!
(The Solution!)
User Requirements & Concept of Operations
System Demonstration & Validation
System Requirements & Architecture
System Integration & Test
Its all together
& it works in
the lab!
The Big Idea
(Create)
Component Design
Component Integration & Test
The Details
(Math & Science!!)
Putting the Pieces
Together & Make
Sure the Pieces
Work Together
(Tools & Math!)
Procure, Fabricate, & Assemble Parts
Make the Pieces
(Tools & Math!)

5. Draw a Box around Your System
Rules
Rio Rancho Robo Runners
Super Special Robot
Input
Output
Environment
Resources

6. BEST vs Mars
What are the differences?
What are the similarities?

7. So lets talk about a Mars Mission
You are an Astronautical Engineer charged with designing a Mission to Prepare Rocket Fuel Robotically in Preparation for a Manned Mission
Go back to your design questions…

8. Step 1
Design, Build & Test Prototype on Earth (this is your BEST mission)
Now what?
Design, Build & Test Flight Unit to go to Mars

9. Getting there is half the fun!
Delivery of 900 to 2,170 kg (1,980 to 4,790 lb) payloads into a geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO)
Delivery of 2.7 to 6.1 metric tons (5,960 to 13,440 lb) to low Earth orbit (LEO
Various payload attach fittings
Various fairing sizes to enclose and protect payloads:
Composite 3-meter (10-feet) diameter
Aluminum 2.9-meter (9.5-feet) diameter
Stretched composite 3-meter diameter

10. The first 30 min can be the roughest

11. Putting Robots on Rockets
Mass – every pound can cost you $10,000 to $15,000
You have to fit in the Payload Fairing
You have to survive acoustic (sound) levels that would deafen you
You have to survive accelerations 8 times Earth’s gravity
You have to survive vibrations that would rattle your teeth

12. The Long Dark Night 6 months to 1.5 years cruising to Mars
Radiation from Sun
Radiation for Galactic Cosmic Rays
Deep Cold of Space -200 deg C
The good news: the Sun is always shining
Campfire effect

13. Fiery Reentry Burn through the Mars Atmosphere
Heat
Deceleration
Shock of Parachute Opening
Shock of Hitting the Mars Soil
Hopefully you find a soft spot to land!

14. OK, You’re Here: What is it Like?
Atmospheric Pressure
Mars: 0.6 kPa
Earth: 101 kPa
Temperature
Day in Summer: °F
Night in Summer: -100°F
Day in Winter: -50°F
Night in Winter: -150 to -200°F
Time
Martian Day: 24 hours, 39 minutes, and seconds
Martian Year: 1 year, 320 days, and 18.2 hours
Sun
More than Half as Bright
Carbon dioxide
95.32%
Nitrogen
2.7%
Argon
1.6%
Oxygen
0.13%
Carbon monoxide
0.07%
Water vapor
0.03%
Nitric oxide
0.013%
Neon
2.5 ppm
Krypton
300 ppb
Formaldehyde
130 ppb [1]
Xenon
80 ppb
Ozone
30 ppb
Methane
10.5 ppb

15. What are your challenges?
You are between 60 million miles to 120 million miles from the nearest gas station
You have to communicate it takes 10 minutes at best one way to send a message, 20 minutes at worst.
You can only talk with Earth directly when Earth is above the Martian horizon
You have to be smart enough to take care of emergencies.

16. In Situ Resource Utilization
Sabatier Process
CO2 + 4H2 → CH4 + 2H2O
Where do we get the CO2?
Where do we get the Hydrogen?
Electrolysis? 2H2O(l) → 2H2(g) + O2(g)
Bring it with us?
Why is it better to bring Hydrogen than Methane?

17. Hydrogen vs Carbon

18. Just a Taste… Any questions?