1. Intensive Measurement Period at Cabauw Tower (2008)
Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008

2. Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008
In this talk specific contributions from: Fred Bosveld, Henk Klein Baltink, Mark Savenije, Gerd-Jan v. Zadelhoff, Wouter Knap, Dave Donovan (KNMI) Arnoud Apituley (RIVM) Herman Russchenberg (TUDelft) Bas Henzing (TNO), Gerrit de Leeuw (FMI) Piet Jongejans (ECN) Laurent Gomes, Greg Roberts (MeteoFrance) Holger Siebert (IFT Leipzig) but many others contributed ………[too many to mention now]
Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008

3. Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008
Overview talk a) Why did we do it? b) What did we do? c) How did it go? d) What’s next?
Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008

4. Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008
a) Why do it?
Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008

5. Scientific questions: Why do it? Measuring the Indirect Aerosol Effect
What is the influence of the vertical velocity on the formation of cloud droplets? What is the influence of development / structure of the PBL on the formation of cloud droplets? How variable is the cloud microphysical structure at Cabauw? [influence of synoptics and dynamics] Is the nucleating ability of aerosols predominantly determined by aerosol size / number or specific constituent characteristics? How do we link CCN with composition, size distribution, source regions?
Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008

6. Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008
b) What did we do?
Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008

7. Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008
Ground-based observations at Cabauw: A national observatory run by the CESAR - consortium
Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008

8. The Cabauw Experimental Site for Atmospheric Research (CESAR)
BSRN
Advanced remote sensing including Raman lidar, cloud radar, microwave and lidar profilers
Tower flux profiling
Aerosol intake at 60m
Size, composition, CCN
Scanning radar
Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008

9. RIVM In-situ aerosol samplers
TEOM-FDMS PM2.5
TEOM-FDMS PM10
Grimm optical particle counter
7-lambda Aethalometer
Leckl PM2.5
Leckl PM10
7-lambda Aethalometer
Data Acquired between 01/05 – 31/
Quicklooks available soon
Quality assurance ongoing
Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008 9 9

10. Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008
Airborne observation
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11. IMPACT finished [but not the 9 month data taking]
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12. Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008
c) How did it go?
Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008

13. Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008
Complex flight operations, due to many aircraft, two experiments and tight airspace Evaluation meetings were held between IMPACT personnel and ATC Resulting in a set of recommendations
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14. General Aspects of Flight Plans
Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008

15. Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008
Recommendations Contact ATC at least two month before the campaign starts Use single call-signs for aircraft. When flying at a central location, assure that there is one single experienced person to communicate between scientists and ATC. No matter what happens, at least: file a flight plan and call ATC. File more than one flightplan. Obey the ATC. Follow flightplans. When crossing ATC national boundary lines, communicate beforehand with the ATC of the other country.
Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008

16. IMPACT/EUCAARI DATABASE
Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008

17. Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008
ftp server for data up and download . Datasets (see 3.) are self- describing, no need to enter metadata manually.
webserver for browsing datasets, quicklooks, uptimes.
one data format & convention: NetCDF and CF-1.0 with one allowed exception: NASA Ames/1001 format as in use for EMEP (EBAS) aerosol data.
NetCDF is a modern, well known and supported data format which is self describing in combination with the named convention.
Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008

18. Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008
Current efforts:
instrument availabilities and quicklooks
overviews available:
instruments vs days
instruments vs hours for every day
days vs hours for every instrument
Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008

19. Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008
Around 90 instruments listed
Possibility to add new instruments at will
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20. Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008
General overview of instrument availability
Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008

21. Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008
Easy graphical views of e.g. simultaneous aircraft and helicopter flights
Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008

22. Requests for new functionality or features are welcome:
Planned:
By the choosen setup is it very easy to extract metadata from datafiles which can be used to update a searchable database, or produce more or less extensive lists of available data.
Requests for new functionality or features are welcome:
contact Mark Savenije
Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008

23. Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008
Downward SW at Cabauw
Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008

24. HATPRO IMPACT Campagne (Integrated Water Vapour)
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25. HATPRO IMPACT Campagne (200 m temperature)
● Tower
● HATPRO
Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008

26. PM10, PM2.5 (RIVM) CCN conc. (KNMI) (May 2008)
Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008

27. CCN directional dependence
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28. CCN overlay of the Netherlands
Steel Industrie
Rijnmond Oil Industrie
CCN overlay of the Netherlands
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29. CCN overlay of Northwest Europe
No cities
No heavy industry
High but No heavy industry
From Ruhrgebied
No cities
No heavy industry
CCN overlay of Northwest Europe
Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008

30. CCN concentrations at Cabauw MeteoMast
Regional
background
Scavenged
Sahara dust
Scavenged background:
NCCN,0.3 ~ 500 cm-3.
Precipitation scavenging
Aerosol origins from North Sea
Regional background:
NCCN, 0.3 ~ 2000 cm-3.
Aerosol origins from Central and Eastern Europe.
No precipitation scavenging in past 3-4 days.
Sahara dust:
NCCN, 0.3 ~ 6000 cm-3.
Long-range transport of Sahara dust in frontal system
High CCN activity suggests cloud processing or chemical transformations
Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008

31. CCN Spectra at Cabauw MeteoMast
Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008

32. Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008
Lidar and profiles over Cabauw
No-clouds & well mixed PBL (to 1400 m) as shown by lidar and ATR profile.
36h trajectories show aerosol source from east (continental European)
Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008

33. Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008
Aerosol mixing in PBL after sunrise
Mixing is seen in vertical profile (two peaks in PBL)
Top of profile at ca. 10:45
Aerosol source from NE Europe
Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008

34. Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008
Thick PBL – profiles did not reach FT
top of profile at 12:57 (at cloud base)
Gradient in aerosols east of Cabauw
Aerosol source from Central Germany
Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008

35. ACTOS 2008-05-08 Vertical profiles of T, RH, particle number
concentration N, and CO2 measured during
IMPACT with the helicopter-borne ACTOS;
between 1200 and 1600 m a new-particle
formation (nucleation) event was observed
in the residual layer
Particle size distribution measured
with SMPS and OPC on-board of ACTOS
in a height between 1200 and 1600m;
nucleation event results in a distinct
ultra-fine particle mode around 10 nm

36. Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008
Nucleation event
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37. Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008
c) What’s next?
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38. Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008
Toulouse joint IMPACT / LONGREX meeting (6 – 8 October 2008) First inventory of data Introduction to data set to larger community Forge collaboration Decide on LES case studies Decide on LES – set up
Boers, EUCAARI Frankfurt September 2008