1. Pakistan earthquake 2005

2. Key idea: The effects of, and responses to, a tectonic hazard vary between areas of contrasting levels of wealth.
Primary and secondary effects of a tectonic hazard
Immediate and long term responses to a tectonic hazard
How effects and responses to an earthquake were different between Italy as a richer country and Pakistan as a poorer country.

3. How effects and responses to an earthquake were different between Italy as a richer country and Pakistan as a poorer country.
Up to 4: Describe some effects and responses to the Italy and Pakistan earthquakes.
5/6: Describe a wider range of effects and responses to the Italy and Pakistan earthquakes using case study facts. Begin to explain how levels of wealth and development had an impact on how these countries were affected.
7+: Compare a wide range of effects and responses to the Italy and Pakistan earthquakes using specific case study facts. Explain how levels of wealth and development had an impact on how these countries were affected. Apply these ideas to a wider global scale.

4. How effects and responses to an earthquake were different between Italy as a richer country and Pakistan as a poorer country.

6. Kashmir, Pakistan 2005 80,000 dead L'Aquila, Italy 2009 290 dead
You need to be able to compare two earthquakes; one from a rich part of the world & another from a poor part of the world.

7. L'Aquila, Italy
Date: 6th April, 2009
Size: 6.3 on the Richter scale
Death toll: 290
Cause: Movement along a destructive margin - African & Eurasian plates colliding.
Kashmir, Pakistan
Date: 8th October, 2005
Size: 7.6 on the Richter scale
Death toll: 80,000
Cause: Movement along a destructive margin - Eurasian & Indian plates colliding.

8. Why did so many people die in the Kashmir earthquake?
Detective Work!
Why did so many people die in the Kashmir earthquake?

9. For each of the 5 categories can you work out which one is which?
Pakistan Earthquake?
Italy earthquake?

10. Preparation Kashmir, Pakistan L’Aquila, Italy
There are laws on construction standards, but some of the modern buildings hadn't been built to withstand earthquakes
This country has a Civil Protection Department that trains volunteers to help with things like rescue operations.
No local disaster planning was in place
Buildings were not designed to be earthquake resistant
Communications were poor. There were few roads and they were badly constructed.

11. Primary Effects Kashmir, Pakistan L’Aquila, Italy
Most of the deaths were caused by collapsing buildings
1,500 injured
Thousands of buildings were damaged or destroyed
65,000 homeless
A bridge near the town of Fossa collapsed
A water pipe was broken near the town of Paganica
Most of the deaths were caused by collapsing buildings
140,000 people were injured
Entire villages were destroyed
Thousands of buildings were damaged or destroyed
3 million people were made homeless
Water pipelines and electricity lines were broken cutting off supply

12. Secondary Effects Kashmir, Pakistan L’Aquila, Italy
Landslides buried buildings and people. They also blocked access roads, cut off water supplies, electricity supplies and telephone lines.
Diarrhoea and other diseases spread due to unclean water
Freezing winter conditions in the weeks after the earthquake caused more casualties, which meant that rescue and rebuilding operations were difficult.
Aftershocks hampered rescue efforts and caused more damage.
Fires in some buildings caused more damage
The broken water pipe in Paganica caused a landslide

13. Immediate Responses Kashmir, Pakistan L’Aquila, Italy
Help didn't reach the area for several days and even weeks.
People had to be rescued by hand by friends, family and neighbours
Tents, blankets and medical supplies were distributed within a month, but not to all areas in need
International aid and equipment was brought in, as well as search & rescue teams from other people
Camps were set up for homeless people with water, food and medical care
Ambulances, fire engines and the army were sent in to rescue survivors
Cranes and diggers were used to remove the rubble
International teams with rescue dogs were sent in to look for survivors
Money was provided by the government to pay people's rent.
Gas and electricity bills were suspended.

14. Long-Term Responses L’Aquila, Italy Kashmir, Pakistan
The Prime Minister promised to build a new town to replace the one that was destroyed
An investigation was carried out to look into why the modern buildings weren't built to withstand earthquakes.
40,000 people have been relocated to a new town from the destroyed town of Balakot
The president set up ERRA - The Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Authority, with a budget of £3.5 billion.

15. Annotate this sheet with more detailed information about ERRA's repair and rebuild projects in Pakistan

18. How effects and responses to an earthquake were different between Italy as a richer country and Pakistan as a poorer country.

20. Describe the effects of a tectonic hazard you have studied (4)
L1 (1-2) Some valid effects of an earthquake
L2 (3-4) As L1, but with facts from a specific case study
Don’t list or bullet point or you’ll get stuck in L1!
Level
Marked

21. Using a tectonic hazard that you have studied,
describe the immediate and long term responses (6)
L1 (1-2) Some valid responses to an earthquake
L2 (3-4) Valid immediate and long-term responses to an earthquake OR responses to an earthquake with a specific case study.
L3 (5-6) Valid immediate and long-term responses using specific facts from an earthquake. The 6 mark answers will be well organised in time-scale
Don’t list or bullet point or you’ll get stuck in L1!

22. Don’t list or bullet point or you’ll get stuck in L1!
To what extent does wealth and level of development have on the impact of a tectonic hazard that you have studied? (8)
L1 (1-4) Effects of an earthquake described (1-2 marks) or explained (3-4 marks)
L2 (5-6) Effects of a specific earthquake with facts. Starts to consider how some earthquakes are more devastating than others.
L3 (7-8) Effects of an earthquake with facts – likely to contain 2 examples to illustrate idea of ‘rich’ and ‘poor’. Clear link to wealth and level of development. The 8 mark answers will show consideration of the idea ‘to what extent’.
Don’t list or bullet point or you’ll get stuck in L1!

23. in the Kashmir and L'Aquila earthquakes
Plenary
2 Similarities
2 Differences
in the Kashmir and L'Aquila earthquakes

24. Key idea: The effects of, and responses to, a tectonic hazard vary between areas of contrasting levels of wealth.
Primary and secondary effects of a tectonic hazard
Immediate and long term responses to a tectonic hazard
How effects and responses to an earthquake were different between Italy as a richer country and Pakistan as a poorer country.