1. Wheels & Tyres Anthony Davison Anthony Davison
Welcome to Neath Port Talbot College!
NPTC Vehicle Fitting Tyres

2. Tyre Type Tyres come in many sizes and tread design.
The most common type
of tyre today is a RADIAL
tyre.
Some years ago there were
also tyres called CROSS PLY.

3. Tyre Tread Patterns
Differing Tread Patterns

4. Tyre Tread Wear Indicators

5. Radial Tyre Design Radial Tread Patterns
The plies on a Radial tyre are set at 90 degrees to the bead
Plies are set at 90 degrees to the bead

6. Cross Ply Design Cross Ply tread plies are
set at 45 degrees to the bead.
Cross ply tyre are not as common
today as they once were
Tread plies set at 45 degrees to the bead

7. Asymmetric Tyre Multiple tread Pattern
When cars are expected to perform at high speed the you must ensure they keep in contact with the road surface !!
Asymmetric tyres have multiple tread patterns. The outer pattern has good road contact and is excellent at aiding cornering. The inner tread pattern has more grooves and excels in dispersing water from under the wheel.
Together the whole tyre gives an all round better performance.
You must fit the tyre in accordance with the manufacturers guidelines. The tyre will state which is the inner and outer side.

8. Rotational Tyre Direction of Rotation
This type of tyre is designed to rotate in the forward direction . As you can see the tread pattern is angled in a manner as to cut through water very effectively.
Again you must read the fitting instructions carefully. This type of tyre when fitted to the wheel can only be fitted to one side of the car
If they are required to go from N/S to O/S then the tyre needs to be removed and turned around.

9. Differing Types of Tyre
Bias Type Tyre
Basically a hybrid between cross ply and radial tyres a bias belted tyre can probably best be described as a crossply tyre with some radial tyre attributes. It uses a crossply construction casing overlaid with belts set at an angle to the casing (radial belts are perpendicular to the casing). Rarely found on cars in the UK they are mainly restricted to use on some American vehicles.

10. Run Flat Tyre
RFT
The major safety benefit of Run Flat Technology or RFT is that it enables a driver to maintain control if a vehicle in motion suffers a rapid loss of tyre pressure.
In addition, RFT tyres enable the driver to continue the journey within specified speed and distance limits, avoiding the need to replace the wheel on the side of the road.
Sidewalls can be six times thicker than traditional tyres. As a result the manufactures say that “Runflat” tyres can be driven at speeds of 55-miles or 80-kilometers per hour for up to 200 miles or 300 kilometers in a deflated condition before being damaged.
They normally have a directional tyre pattern which must be fitted in such a way that the tread rotates only in one direction.
Specialized equipment is needed to fit Runflat tyres as the sidewalls are stiffer and thus not as pliable when fitting.

11. Space Saver or Temp Spare Wheel
Space saver wheel must be used in
an emergency.
They must not travel more than
approx 50mph and should only
travel up around 50 miles
max
They are used to give the driver
maximum luggage space

12. Tyre Wall Markings
175/70 R T
175
The tyre section width in millimetres 70
The aspect ratio in % (the height of the sidewall divided by the tyre's width) R
Denotes the tyre's construction type - in this case it's a radial 13
Rim diameter in inches 82
Load Index T
Speed Rating

13. Aspect Ratio The tyre aspect ratio is the term given where the height
of the tyre wall is described as a
percentage of the tyre width
I.e. an aspect ration showing 60
on the tyre wall, is stating the wall height
is 60 percent of the tyre width which
Could be 165 for example
W = 165 cm
H = 60% of 165mm

14. Load Index &
Load Index

15. Speed Rating Speed Rating H rating is one of the most popular
Anthony Davison
Speed Rating
Speed Rating
H rating is one of the most popular
With a speed of approx 130mph.
NPTC Vehicle Fitting Tyres

16. Legal Requirements of Tyres
Minimum Tyre Tread

17. Legal Requirements of Tyres
Tyre Repairs

18. Tyre Shelf Life Did you know car tyres decay and have a
Anthony Davison
Tyre Shelf Life
Did you know car tyres decay and have a
‘Shelf life' of 6 years,
after which time they become dangerous ?
Car Bibles : The Wheel and Tyre Bible Page 1 of 4
NPTC Vehicle Fitting Tyres

19. Legal Requirements of Tyres
OFFENCES CAN RELATE TO:    
TREAD DEPTH - a tyre worn below the legal minimum.
MIXING - an incorrect mixture of radial and cross ply tyres.
INFLATION - a tyre not inflated to make it suitable for the purpose to which the motor vehicle or trailer is being put.
CUTS - certain long and deep cuts as specified in regulations.
LUMPS, BULGES OR TEARS - caused by separation or partial failure of the tyre structure.
EXPOSED PLY OR CORD
UNSUITABILITY - regarding the use to which the motor vehicle or trailer is being put or to the types of tyres fitted to its other wheels.

20. Tyre Pressures Tyre pressures
Tyre pressure should only be checked when the tyres are cool. Checking tyres after a long journey can give an increased reading of approx 4 psi.
This is due to the heat of the tyre causing the air in side to expand.
Tip Always set a spare wheel at 6 psi over inflated. It is easier to let air out than put air in at the roadside.

21. Removing and Refitting a Tyre
Removing & Refitting a Tyre
Deflate the tyre
Break the bead seal
Lift tyre bead and rotate wheel lifting bead of wheel for both inner and outer bead
Lubricate new tyre beading to ease fitting
Insert air up to approx 40 psi
Ensure bead is sitting correctly,
Deflate to correct pressure

22. Puncture Repair Plug & Patch Remove tyre from wheel
Remove nail etc and inspect damage
Assess if repair can be carried out and is cost effective
Ream out hole to plug recommended size
Buff up inner section to ensure adhesive has a key to stick to
Apply adhesive
Insert plug and pull through
Rub down patch to ensure a good contact is made
Cut of end of plug flush with tyre tread.

23. Wheel Balancing Balancing Wheels Set up balancer to accept wheel
dimensions
Ensure wheel is fitted
correctly
Lower guard and allow to rotate
Assess weights required and
fit at TDC (top dead centre) for
both the inner and outer edge
of the wheel

24. Balance Weights The weights are marked with their Balance Weights
weight in grams and tap on to the
wheel rim
On fixing the weights the test
should be carried out again to
ensure the readings are now zero
Alloy wheel stick on weights

25. Tyre Fitting Equipment
Tyre Fitting Machine
Tyre lever arm
Wheel locking device
Bead breaker

26. Tyre Fitting Equipment
Wheel Balancer
Display screen
Weights storage
Safety cover
Wheel locating arm

27. Tyre Fitting Equipment
Air Compressor
Pressure Gauge
Water drainage tap

28. Tightening Wheels – Correctly
Anthony Davison
Tightening Wheels – Correctly
Why do we use a tightening sequence
Wheels are tightened in these sequences, to ensure they sit evenly against the hub.
What is the reason for the tapered section
The function of the taper is to centralise the wheel on the hub as it is tightened.
NPTC Vehicle Fitting Tyres

29. Tyre Fitting Equipment
Air Gun & Torque Wrenches
Due to condensation turning to water you must oil the air gun on a regular basis to eliminate corrosion
Torque wrench to ensure wheels are tightened to manufactures setting
Always reset to zero when not in use

30. Tyre Fitting Equipment
Tyre Pressure Gauges
Remember to check tyre pressures when the tyre is cool !!

31. Disposal of Industrial Waste
BS 14000
British Standard is a law regarding the disposal of Hazardous waste.
All used tyre must be disposed of in line with the guidelines set out under this law.
All tyres must be disposed of by an APPROVED WASTE TYRE company and the powers can ask to see records of the correct way in which you would dispose of old tyres.
There can be heavy fines if this law is abused in any way.

32. Anthony Davison
Student Task
Using this Power point presentation, set a multichoice exam of 10 questions with 4 possible ans.
E.g.
What is the min legal tread required on light vehicle tyre
A 2.6 mm
B 1.8 mm
C 1.6 mm
D No minimal limit
NPTC Vehicle Fitting Tyres