1. The Rhetorical Triangle & Heffernan’s“Comment is King”
IDS 3309 Readings – WEEK 2

2. Political Rhetoric Today
ABC Story on the shootings in Tucson

3. What is rhetoric?

4. What is rhetoric?
Rhetoric: “The art of using language to communicate effectively and persuasively.”

5. What is rhetoric?
Rhetoric: “The art of using language to communicate effectively and persuasively.”
A Western tradition with roots in Greek society; for centuries served as a central tenet of political discourse and an advanced education (along with Grammar & Logic)

6. What is rhetoric?
Rhetoric: “The art of using language to communicate effectively and persuasively.”
A Western tradition with roots in Greek society; for centuries served as a central tenet of political discourse and an advanced education (along with Grammar & Logic)
With the growth of media outlets and infinite expanse of information brought on by the digital age of communication, rhetoric and the use of language to present information and arguments has become more relevant than ever.

7. The Rhetorical Triangle

8. The Rhetorical Triangle
Logos (Rational appeal)
Pathos (Emotional appeal)
Ethos (Ethical appeal)
facts
case studies
statistics
experiments
logical reasoning
analogies
anecdotes
authority voices
higher emotions
belief in fairness
love
pity
justice
etc.
lower emotions
greed
lust
revenge
avarice
trustworthiness
credibility
reliability
expert testimony
reliable sources
fairness

9. Clicker Poll!
Think back on a recent argument or debate you may have engaged in. On which of the three elements of the Rhetorical Triangle did you rely most heavily?
Logos (rational appeal)
Pathos (emotional appeal)
Ethos (ethical appeal)

10. A few examples of rhetorical arguments being made on the cable news networks
Keith Olbermann on MSNBC
Bill O’Reilly on FOX News

11. “Comment is King” Virginia Heffernan, NYT, April 26, 2009
Presents an analysis of comments made on the Op-Ed pieces of Anne Applebaum, columnist for the Washington Post
Applebaum is pretty middle of the road, a Pulitzer Prize-winning historian, but you wouldn’t know that from the comments made on her articles:
“liberal fool”; “a lapsed neo-con addict”; “Zionist stooge liar”; anti-Semitic
Comments are not refereed; no “sustained or inventive analysis of Applebaum’s work” emerges from the commentary

12. “Comment is King” Virginia Heffernan, NYT, April 26, 2009
Heffernan argues that online commentary should become a “cogent part of online journalism”
It is instead the “bête noire for journalists and readers alike”; journalists find it “stinging and distracting” while readers won’t take the time to dig through the comments unless they plan on making a comment themselves

13. “Comment is King” Virginia Heffernan, NYT, April 26, 2009
What’s the problem?
Rhythms of the web: early assent, then dissent, early morning weirdness; then fact checking
Never reaches the level of true analysis; instead, an echo- chamber develops
Echo-chamber is “unpleasant, and it makes it hard to keep listening for the clearer, brighter, rarer voices nearly drowned out in the din.”
Something should be done, but Heffernan seems at a loss as to what that “something” might be

14. Blogging Assignment: An Analysis of rhetoric in The New York Times
Read Heffernan, the Rhetorical Triangle, and David Brooks’ critique of Amy Chua’s “Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother” on the Op-Ed page of The New York Times.
Click on the “Comments” section and read the top four comments
Using Heffernan’s article and the Rhetorical Triangle, analyze carefully the arguments that are presented, both by Brooks and the most popular comments. Drawing on your understanding of Logos, Pathos and Ethos, reflect on why these particular comments were found to be convincing by so many other readers. Also, do you think the Times solution for sorting through comment is effective or eve necessary? 500 words (no more!)
Due Sunday, January 23.

15. A final thought…
John Stewart on Sarah Palin