1. Chapter 3
Section 2

2. The United States Industrializes
American industry grew after the civil war causing the gross national product to be eight times larger than before the civil war.
GNP – Total value of all goods and services produced by a country

3. The United States Industrializes, cont.
Natural Resources
Could get cheaply
Railroads helped move the resources
Petroleum turned into kerosene
A Large Workforce
Population growth made workforce larger
Caused by large families and immigrants
Helped increase demand and production

4. The United States Industrializes, cont.
Free Enterprise
Good profits brought entrepreneurs
Those that start their own businesses
Laissez-faire policies helped businesses without government regulation
Costs gov’t more to help businesses and hurts society
New Inventions
Alexander Graham Bell – telephone
Thomas Alva Edison – phonograph, light bulb, electric generator
Thaddeus Lowe – ice machine
Gustavus Swift – refrigerated rail car

5. The Railroads: Linking the Nation
Post Civil War- Railroads grew
Pacific Railway Act
Signed by Lincoln
Provided construction of transcontinental railroad by two corporations
Union Pacific
Central Pacific
Met at Promontory Summit, Utah

6. The Railroads: Linking the Nation, cont.
Railroads Spur Growth
Increase the size of markets for products
Improve reliability of the trains
American Railway Association divided the country into four time zones
Helped united people
The Land Grant System
Increase railroad construction
Government gave land to railroad companies
More than 120 acres of land
Robber Barons
Bribery, swindling and cheating helped railroad tycoons make money
People who loot an industry and give nothing back
James Hill – Great Northern
Not a robber baron
Very successful

7. The Rise of Big Business
The Role of Corporations
Corporation – organization owned by many people but treated by law as though one person owned it
Forced small businesses to shut down
The Consolidation of Industry
Page 249
Andrew Carnegie – Steel Industry
Vertical Integration
John D. Rockefeller – Standard Oil
Horizontal Integration
Monopolies

8. Unions Working in the United States Opposition to Unions
Some got rich, but there was an uneven distribution of wealth
Working conditions were unhealthy and dangerous
Opposition to Unions
Marxism
Workers v. Owners
Workers would eventually revolt and overthrow the gov’t
Spread throughout Europe causing anti-European immigration feelings
Leads to Communism through an evolution of economic policy

9. Unions, cont. The Struggle to Organize
Owners viewed unions as illegitimate
Industrial unions
United all craft workers and common laborers
Owners tried to get workers not to organize
Three major strikes
Haymarket Square riot discredited Knights of Labor
Great Railroad Strike and Pullman Strike involved railway workers

10. Unions, cont. The American Federation of Labor
First leader was Samuel Gompers
Unions should stay out of politics
Preferred to negotiate
Closed shops – owners could only hire union workers
Working women
Domestic servants, teachers, nurses, sales clerks, secretaries, light industrial work
Had less pay than men
Unions excluded women
Mary O’Sullivan and Leonora O’Reilly established the Women’s Trade Union League

11. In a nutshell… American industry grew quite large after the civil war,
But, I know that sometimes this information can be quite a bore.
Unions emerged as the workforce began to increase,
However, some people were mad and tried to get them to end or cease.
Railroads helped the country to get to new heights,
They also made people richer and able to use all their might.
The increase in industry made it difficult to control,
So, the government had to regulate the industry as a whole.
As you can see, this time was when the country had lots of transition,
But, our government was able to recover and readjust its mission.

12. Now it’s on you to review
Answer questions 3-7 on page 251