1. Ipv6 addressing
Chapter 5d

2. objectives Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to:
Explain the need for IPv6 addressing.
Describe the representation of an IPv6 address.
Describe types of IPv6 network addresses.
Configure global unicast addresses.
Describe multicast addresses.

3. 5.6.1
Ipv4 issues

4. Running out! How to conserve the IP’s? Tried NAT Tried CIDR
Private IP addresses inside network
One or few public IP addresses
Tried CIDR
Classless inter-domain routing
Subnetting a subnetted address further
Came up with IPv6
On Monday, January 31, 2011, IANA allocated the last two /8 (class A) IPv4 address blocks to the Regional Internet Registries (RIRs). Various projections show that all five RIRs will have run out of IPv4 addresses between 2015 and At that point, the remaining IPv4 addresses will have been allocated to ISPs.

5. 5.6.1
About Ipv6 addresses

6. ipv6 128 bits Ridiculous amounts of addresses
8 sets (hextets) of four hex digits
Ridiculous amounts of addresses
Every device can have unique address
Eliminates IP conservation
Written in hex separated by :
FE22:00FF:002D:0000:0000:0000:3012:CCE3
Each set of 4 is 16 bits.
Practice some hex conversions.

7. Ipv6 shorthand Rule 1: omit leading zeros
Remove zeros before other hex digits
00FF can be FF
0000 can be 0
What can this be reduced down to?
FE22:00FF:002D:0000:0000:0000:3012:CCE3
FE22:FF:2D:0:0:0:3012:CCE3

8. Ipv6 shorthand Rule 2: omit all zero hextets
Use :: for multiple zero-value fields
FE22:00FF:002D:0000:0000:0000:3012:CCE3
FE22:FF:2D::3012:CCE3
Can only do this once within address
Can’t tell how many fields it represents
2001:0:0:34D0:0:0:9F77:2854 CAN NOT be…
2001::34D0::9F77:2854
Can only do this once in an address.
More examples next slide 

9. Omit zero segments Incorrect address: What could it be???
2001:0DB8::ABCD::1234
What could it be???
2001:0DB8::ABCD:0000:0000:1234
2001:0DB8::ABCD:0000:0000:0000:1234
2001:0DB8:0000:ABCD::1234
2001:0DB8:0000:0000:ABCD::1234
You don’t know how many 0 fields are supposed to be there!

10. activity Practicing IPv6 Representations Handout
Compress addresses into short form
Handout
Reduce the IPv6 addresses to short form
IPv6 Overview
WATCH ON YOUR OWN

11. Review- 5q What are 2 ways to shorten up an IPv6 address?
Omit all zero groups
Omit leading zeros
How many bits in an IPv6 address?
128 bits
An IPv6 address is shown in what?
Hex
A hextet is how many bits?
16 bits
Each hextet is separated by what?
Colon :

12. Parts of the ipv6 address
5.6.1
Parts of the ipv6 address

13. ISP Prefix & interface Prefix= Network ID Interface ID= Host ID SUBNET
SITE
SUBNET
The Subnet ID is used by an organization to identify subnets within its site. The larger the subnet ID, the more subnets available.
The IPv6 Interface ID is equivalent to the host portion of an IPv4 address.

14. example

15. Prefix length Network ID is called prefix
Represented at end by a slash
805B:2D9D:DC28:0000:0000:FC57:D4C8:1FFF/48
805B:2D9D:DC28::FC57:D4C8:1FFF/48 (SHORTENED)
805B:2D9D:DC28:0:0:0:0:0/48 is Network ID
805B:2D9D:DC28::/48
1st 48 bits
1st 48 bits
16 bits per octet
Prefix is given by the ISP
Entire Prefix with the subnet is /64.

16. Rest of the address IPv6 has: Network ID (Prefix) Subnet ID
Identifies the subnetwork in your own network
Interface ID
Your MAC address
Like the host portion of IPv4 address
This would be a /48 address; 16 bits in a hextet
Subnet ID is 16 bits or less
Interface ID is 64 bits

17. 5.6.1
Types of ipv6 addresses

18. Three types of addresses
Unicast
One to one
Multicast
One to a group
Anycast
DON’T WORRY ABOUT IT!
There are NO MORE BROADCASTS!
Multicasts: FF00

19. Unicast ipv6 addresses Represents a single interface
Example: address assigned to your NIC
Types of unicast addresses:
Global unicast- like a reg. IPv4 public address
Link-local- stays within LAN; not routable
Loopback- tests your NIC/if IP is working; ::1
Unique local- like NAT, unroutable
Global unicast: Unique, Internet routable; like a regular IPv4 address
Link-local: on the next slide!
Loopback: Shown as ::1

20. Your pc has multiple ipv6 addresses
Global Unicast Address
Link-local Address

21. Global unicast Public address Begins with 2000::
Similar to a public IPv4 address
Begins with 2000::
2001:: reserved for examples
Currently only the 1st 3 bits of 2000 are being given out.

22. link-local Unicast Every NIC MUST have one
Begin with FE80::/10 (FE8, FE9, FEA, FEB)
For communicating within the LAN only
Unroutable
Auto-configured
Combo of FE80 and the MAC address
Also used between routers to exchange routing tables & as next-hop IP addresses

23. Link-local unicast

24. Loopback address
Tests TCP/IP on your NIC
::1

25. Prefix length Like IPv4, there are network & host portions
Network ID is called prefix
Represented at end by a slash
805B:2D9D:DC28:0000:0000:FC57:D4C8:1FFF/48
805B:2D9D:DC28::FC57:D4C8:1FFF/48
805B:2D9D:DC28:0:0:0:0:0/48 is Network ID
805B:2D9D:DC28::/48
1st 48 bits
1st 48 bits
16 bits per octet
Prefix is given by the ISP

26. Rest of the address IPv6 has: Network ID (Prefix) Subnet ID
Identifies the subnetwork in your own network
Interface ID
Your MAC address
Like the host portion of IPv4 address
This would be a /48 address; 16 bits in a hextet
Subnet ID is 16 bits or less
Interface ID is 64 bits

27. activity Identify Type of IPv6 Addresses
Drag the IPv6 address type to its description.

28. Review- 5q Name 3 common types of IPv6 unicast addresses.
Global, link local, loopback
What are the 3 parts of an IPv6 address?
Prefix, subnet ID, interface ID
Which part identifies the network & will be the same on every device in your network?
Prefix
Which part is identifiable in your network?
Subnet ID
Which part is the MAC address of your device?
Interface ID

29. Ipv6 on the router & the PC
5.6
Ipv6 on the router & the PC

30. Ipv4 & v6 coexist Dual stack Tunneling Translation
Runs both IPv4 & IPv6 at same time
Tunneling
Sending an IPv6 packet over IPv4 network
Translation
NAT64
Translates the packets from IPv4 to v6 & back
Complete Activity IPv4 and IPv6 Terms and Issues

31. Configure ipv6 on pc Static
Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC)
DHCPv6
Two ways to get a global unicast automatically.
When DHCPv6 or SLAAC is used, the local router's link-local address will automatically be specified as the default gateway address.

32. SLAAC
Can assign IP address by itself (without DHCP server) based on info from router
IPv6 router sends RA (router advertisements)
As a multicast, every 200 seconds
Or a PC can send a RS (router solicitation) asking for address
These are ICMPv6 messages
DHCPv6 works in a similar way
Have to turn IPv6 routing on 1st
Router(config)# ipv6 unicast-routing

33. Slaac example
MAC of Ethernet card used (and some bits added to make 64 bits)
A link-local address is created (FE80: and the EUI-64 or MAC)
RS sent to router
RA received from router with the global unicast prefix and default gateway address. (2001:DB8::1)

34. activity TestOut 5.6.9: Configure an IP Address
Complete this lab
TestOut : Practice Questions
IPv4 Issues and Solutions

35. Review- 4Q
What is the term for running both IPv4 & IPv6 at the same time on your network?
Dual stack
What allows IPv6 packets to be sent over an IPv4 network, between routers?
Tunneling
What process allows a host to automatically get an IPv6 address from the router?
SLAAC
What address is created automatically for inside the network communication?
Link local address

36. Review- 4Q The link local (inside only) address begins with what?
FE80
The global unicast address will begin with what?
2000::
A host getting an address from a router using SLAAC sends and receives what?
RA and RS
What would the shortened version of this IPv6 address be? 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:ff00:0042:8329
2001:db8::ff00:42:8329

37. Review- 2Q What kind of message is NOT used in IPv6 but used in IPv4?
Broadcasts
A multicast IPv6 message is sent to all hosts in a network. What will the address begin with?
FF00-FF02

38. 8.3
Verify connectivity

39. Icmp (ping) For both IPv4 & v6 Echo request/reply
Destination or host unreachable
Time exceeded (TTL)
IPv6 uses hop limit
When reaches 0, you get time exceeded message
Yes, I’m here!
Is H2 reachable?
You’ll know if you have a connection to it or not and the average time it took to travel.
Route redistribution is also used on both v4 & v6. This will notify the host that there is a better route to the destination. This is only used when on the same local network.
Unreachable is on both too.

40. Icmpv6 ping
RTT (time it takes to reach destination and get back) as well as if it’s reachable.

41. traceroute Shows a list of hops between source & destination
Interface of every router in between
A failure along the way indicates where the problem is
RTT is disaplyed
* is a lost packet
TTL (hop limit) increases at each router interface

42. Review- 3q
An ICMP ping is the same on IPv4 & IPv6 networks. What 3 things does it test/tell you?
RTT (time it takes to get there and back), if it’s reachable, and route redistribution (better route within network to take)
What kind of test is an echo request/reply?
Ping
How would you test if TCP/IP is working on your NIC?
Ping ::1

43. Review & study Complete the study guide handout
Take the quiz on netacad.com
Jeopardy review

44. summary In this chapter, you learned:
There are three types of IPv6 addresses: unicast, multicast, and anycast.
An IPv6 link-local address enables a device to communicate with other IPv6-enabled devices on the same link and only on that link (subnet). Packets with a source or destination link-local address cannot be routed beyond the link from where the packet originated. IPv6 link-local addresses are in the FE80::/10 range.
ICMP is available for both IPv4 and IPv6.

45. Ipv6 addressing
Chapter 5d