1. Daniel Mate, MASA Francesco Rubino, IFAD
Mainstreaming Land Tenure Security in Value chain Development Programmes: The Case of the Pro-poor Value chain Development Project in Maputo and Limpopo Corridors (PROSUL) in Mozambique
Daniel Mate, MASA
Francesco Rubino, IFAD

2. Outline
Introduction
The Pro-poor Value Chain Development Project in the Maputo and Limpopo Corridors (PROSUL)
Securing Land Rights: Cassava and Red Meat Value Chains
Preliminary Conclusions

3. 1. Introduction
just after the independence, the GoM nationalized land, and delegated land concessional power to the Ministry of Agriculture
1995, the National Land Policy and Implementation Strategy was approved and guided by the principles of:
Ensuring Mozambican people’s rights over land and other natural resources;
Promoting investment and sustainable and balanced use of natural resources; and
Recognising the customary rights over land.
The 1997 Land Law introduced the concept of land that is inheritable and transferable, under the name of Direito de Uso e Aproveitamento dos Terras (Right to the Use and Benefit of land) – or more simply DUAT (same as land certificate)

4. 1.1 Introduction
Three forms of acquiring Land Certificates (DUATs) are recognized:
According the customary norms and practices – defined as occupation by local single and/or community persons, based on the customary norms and practices;
As the result of good faith occupation – defined as occupation by utilization of the intended land for more than 10 years, with no objections. This kind of occupation is only applicable to national citizens;
Through the authorization of the request submitted to the State as foreseen in the land legislation. This is the only mechanism for acquiring DUAT applicable for singular and collective persons.

5. 1.2 Introduction
Average growth rates of 7.2% in Mozambique during the past decade, but expected to have slowed down to 3.8% in 2016;
The country scheduled to rise back to 6.9% by the end of 2018, with much of the growth reconnected to capital-intensive investments;
The land is highly abundant (80 million hectares)
Substantial areas of land being requested by investors
The role Agriculture: 81% of the population; 31.8% of the GPD
2014: 5million hectares cultivated by smallholder farmers (3-5% registered)
Vast concerns that tenure security may be threatened
Increased awareness to securing land rights in the agricultural Programmes
Land tenure security sub-component under the Pro-poor Value chain Development Project in Maputo and Limpopo Corridors (PROSUL) – Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security
45 million USD Project funded by the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)

6. 1.4 Introduction
PROSUL is one of the few ongoing examples of projects working on linking tenure security to value chain development in Mozambique.
This work shares the experience gathered in mainstreaming land tenure security for smallholder famers/beneficiaries under the PROSUL Project in Mozambique, focusing on farmers engaging in two value chains: Cassava and Red Meat.
The objective of this paper is to share a very preliminary analysis of what has been achieved so far by the Project, and is the first step of a (foreseeably) larger future analysis.

7. Institutional Sup and Proj Manag.
2. PROSUL Project
Project Goal
Improvement of livelihoods and climate resilience of smallholder farmers in 20 selected Districts of the Maputo and Limpopo corridors reaching 20,350 HH in 7 years
Increase sustainable returns to smallholder farmers in the target value chains (Horticulture, Cassava and Red Meat) through improved market linkages, efficient farmer organization and higher farmers’ share over the final added value, via interventions contributing to climate resilience, land tenure security and gender equity
Project Objective
5 Components
Horticulture
Cassava
Red meat
Financial Services
Institutional Sup and Proj Manag.

8. 2.1 PROSUL Project
Target Group: Smallholder farmer and livestock organizations, Emergent farmers, commercial farmers, processors, meat trader organizations
Strategic Guidance: GoM/ Ministry of Agric. and Food Sec. and IFAD through Sup. Missions
Implementation: Service Providers VC’s, Land Tenure, Rural Finance Component

9. 3. Value Chain: Cassava - Results
4260 DUATs finalized (out of 3600 planned by project completion)
1429 DUATs given to women – 33,54%
Certificates (DUATs) in the Inhambane Province
Key results:
the regularization of DUATs contributed to mobilizing farmers to engage in the value chain.
Co-titling currently ongoing, but with many challenges for women (especially widows)
In the certificates, HHs members are listed

10. 3.2 Value Chain: Cassava - Challenges
Main challenges:
Dispersed communities located in distant areas among each other;
Lack of identification documents and bank accounts;
Lack of border harmonization between traditional and official systems;
High transaction costs related to meetings involving District authorities;
Impediments for women, especially widows, to register their plots by the relative of the husband and in some cases by the community leaders.

11. 3.1 Value Chain: Red Meat - Results
9 Community Delimitations completed (certificates issued)
Total area of 161, ha of land registered
105, ha of communal grazing land
District
Name of the Community
Delimited Area (ha)
Grazing area (ha)
Beneficiaries
Total M W
Manhiça
Maguiguana
4,759.00
1,414.00
6,130
2,552
3,578
Dzonguene
11,167.00
2,874.00
3,970
1,963
2,007
Mabalane
Hoyo-Hoyo
30,546.00
23,834.00
1,926
838
1,088
Mabomo
26,346.00
15,966.00
1,056
404
652
Matidze
4,966.00
2,452.00
976
364
612
Chicualacuala
7 de Abril
20,667.31
15,335.16
378
167
211
Mpake
41,432.68
33,697.28
733
346
387
Massingir
Tchaque
19,241.00
9,420.00
2,751
1,050
1,701
Década Vitoria*
2,276.00
405,64
255
115
140
161,400.99
105,398.08
18,175
7,799
10,376

12. 3.1 Value Chain: Red Meat - Challenges
Limited knowledge of the land legislation by the authorities at the District level
 this will represent an issue with regard to the sustainability of these activities, once the LTSP’s contract will be over.
Presence of land conflicts among neighbouring communities
 the Project has encountered more than one case in which land was encroached and in which the establishment of boundaries was rendered difficult (i.e. previously badly registered plots, inaccurate documentation, etc.).
High dispersion of Communities in the Districts targeted
 Logistical problems
Low quality of first Community-Based Natural Resource Management Plans (CBNRMPs)
Plans are still very descriptive in nature and lack attention to the aspects of planning, offering little input on a specific resource management and/or business planning and development.

13. 4. Discussion
Key challenges to project implementation and land tenure security are:
Doubts of effectiveness of community consultations
Different quality of delivery by SPs
Issue of clear demarcation/ unresolved land conflicts
Lack of capacity at District (and Provincial) level
Lack of harmonization (at national level) on costs related to community delimitation and DUAT processes
Need for definition of one body that handles land matters at District level (SDAE or SDPI)
Improve quality of Community Based Natural Resource Management Plans, and in general of Community Plans ( better resource management and business planning)
I.e (i) community-based regulations and by-laws, (ii) inter-village management plans, (iii) stock routes and water points, (iv) management of wet and dry season areas and drought reserves, etc.

14. 4. Conclusion
The regularization of DUATs contributed to mobilizing farmers to engage in the cassava value chain.
With 4260 DUATs achieved, PROSUL is already beyond the project design target of 3600 total DUATs for the Cassava value chain.
Work will begin in 2017 in the Horticulture value chain, and with Water User Associations working in irrigation schemes, lessons learned from this value chain will be of great value to the Project itself, but also to other projects in Mozambique.
Looking to the future, PROSUL will be looking to share more specific studies.
One ongoing idea is to observe the correlation and impact of land tenure security on the productivity of Project beneficiaries. (Data collected prior and post-DUAT)

15. Thank you for your kind attention - OBRIGADO