1. CAVITY AND CHIRPED PULSE ROTATIONAL SPECTRUM OF THE LASER ABLATION SYNTHESIZED, OPEN-SHELL MOLECULE TIN MONOCHLORIDE, SnCl
G. S. GRUBBS II, DANIEL J. FROHMAN,
STEWART E. NOVICK
Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, USA
S. A. COOKE
University of North Texas, Denton, TX,USA

2. Complexities Isotopes Nuclear Spin Electronic Spin 10 isotopes of Tin
2 isotopes of Chlorine
Nuclear Spin
Chlorine I = 1.5
Some Tin I = 0.5
Electronic Spin
2Πr ground state
Species
Abundance
Nuclear Spin
112Sn
0.97 %
114Sn
0.66 %
115Sn
0.34 %
0.5
116Sn
14.54 %
117Sn
7.68 %
118Sn
24.22 %
119Sn
8.59 %
120Sn
32.58 %
122Sn
4.63 %
124Sn
5.79 %
35Cl
75.78 %
1.5
37Cl

3. Hund’s Cases Case c Case a
C.H. Townes and A.L. Schawlow, Microwave Spectroscopy (Dover Publications, Inc., New York, 1975)

4. What is considered “heavy”, or, rather, when do we start to move into case c?

5. In Conjunction

6. Walker-Gerry Ablation Nozzle
Similar to Smalley Nozzle

7. 2, -1, 3/2, 3← 1, 1, 1/2, 2; e parity Cavity Measurement:
Sample Spectrum
2, -1, 3/2, 3← 1, 1, 1/2, 2; e parity Cavity Measurement:
MHz
2, -1,3/2, 3← 1, 1, 1/2, 2; e parity
Chirp Measurement:
MHz

8. Manifestation of Complexity
Λ-doubling 120Sn35Cl
Λ-doubling 118Sn35Cl
Manmade; Ar-Cl2 Complex
Others:
Magnetic Hyperfine- Cl
Nuclear Quadrupole Coupling- Cl
Magnetic Coupling- Tin
UP TO 20 ISOTOPOLOGUES!!!!

9. 120Sn35Cl (2Π1/2,v=0) Parameters
Literature1
Chirp Fit
B0 /MHz
(4)
(1)
D0 /kHz
1.34 (4)
1.32(8)
p0 /MHz
-268.(8)
(3)
A0 /MHz
(900)
(held)
AD_0 /MHz
6.9 (1)
6.895 (held)
a /MHz
33.534(3)
d /MHz
13.895(3)
eQq1(Cl) /MHz
-25.01(1)
RMS /kHz
4.96
Attributed Uncertainty of 15 kHz given to all CP-FTMW measurements
1. N. Badowski, W. Zyrnicki, and J. Borkowska-Burnecka, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys., 20 (1987) 531.

10. Energy Levels of 120Sn35Cl ~770 MHz p ~ -260 MHz Split=-p(J+0.5)

11. Chirp Fits
Parameter
120Sn35Cl
118Sn35Cl
116Sn35Cl
120Sn37Cl
B0 /MHz
(1)
(2)
(2)
(9)
D0 /kHz
1.32(8)
1.3(1)
1.3(2)
0.99(7)
p0 /MHz
(3)
(4)
(5)
(2)
A0 /MHz
AD_0 /MHz
6.8951
a /MHz
33.534(3)
33.535(5)
33.526(7)
27.912(3)
d /MHz
13.895(3)
13.898(4)
13.889(7)
11.571(3)
eQq1(Cl) /MHz
-25.01(1)
-25.00(2)
-25.02(3)
-19.72(1)
RMS2 /kHz
4.96
7.51
6.06
2.17
Attributed Uncertainty of 15 kHz given to all CP-FTMW measurements
1Held to the Literature Values

12. Zeeman Splitting 2, -1, 3/2, 3← 1, 1, 1/2, 2 For a Free Electron:
W. Gordy and R. L Cook, Microwave Molecular Spectra: Techniques in Chemistry Vol. XVIII, Wiley, New York, 1984.
For a Free Electron:
gs =
RA08 66th Ohio State Conference
For a 2Π1/2, Λ = 1, Σ =1/2
gJ ≅ 0 (less than 1 kHz)
We expect no splitting!
With Earth’s Magnetic Field ~1/2 Gauss
Bucking the Earth’s Magnetic Field
The slight Zeeman splitting ⇓
NOT pure case a 1

13. Chirp/Cavity Comparison
Parameter
120Sn35Cl Chirp
120Sn35Cl Cavity
B0 /MHz
(1)
D0 /kHz
1.32(8)
1.38(9)
p0 /MHz
(3)
(3)
A0 /MHz
AD_0 /MHz
6.8951
a /MHz
33.534(3)
33.536(3)
d /MHz
13.895(3)
13.898(2)
eQq1(Cl) /MHz
-25.01(1)
-25.00(1)
Number of Lines 22 17
RMS /kHz
4.96
3.82

14. Magnetic Hyperfine Species a d Reference 12C35Cl 80.199(54) 82.212(37)
28Si35Cl
43.67(39)
46.40(94) 2
74Ge35Cl
Not Determined 3
120Sn35Cl
33.534(3)
13.895(3)
This Work
208Pb35Cl
30.17(4)
-40.83(4) 4
Y. Endo, S. Saito, and E. Hirota, J. Mol. Spectr., 94 (1982) 199.
M. Tanimoto and S. Saito, Y. Endo, and E. Hirota, J. Mol. Spectr., 103 (1984) 330.
K. Tanaka, H. Honjou, M. Tsuchiya, and T. Tanaka, J. Mol. Spectr., 251 (2008) 369.
C. T. Dewberry, G. S. Grubbs II, K. C. Etchison, and S. A. Cooke. 65th Ohio State University International Symposium, RC07.

15. Comparisons of eQq1 Species eQq1 value Reference 12C35Cl -34.26(13) 1
28Si35Cl
-23.13(96) 2
74Ge35Cl
Not Reported 3
120Sn35Cl
-25.01(1)
This Work
208Pb35Cl
-24.9(1) 4
Y. Endo, S. Saito, and E. Hirota, J. Mol. Spectr., 94 (1982) 199.
M. Tanimoto and S. Saito, Y. Endo, and E. Hirota, J. Mol. Spectr., 103 (1984) 330.
K. Tanaka, H. Honjou, M. Tsuchiya, and T. Tanaka, J. Mol. Spectr., 251 (2008) 369.
C. T. Dewberry, G. S. Grubbs II, K. C. Etchison, and S. A. Cooke. 65th Ohio State University International Symposium, RC07.

16. Conclusions
4 isotopologues have been fit with the chirped pulse data and 1 isotopologue with the cavity
Λ – doubling observed and explained
Nuclear Magnetic and Quadrupole Coupling data compare well with the literature trends of other tetrel chlorides
Zeeman splitting suggests not purely Hund’s case a

17. Acknowledgements NSF CHE-1011214 for Wesleyan
NSF and DOE for University of North Texas