1. What are “Civil rights”?
The rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality

2. The “Civil Rights Movement” we know…

3. Montgomery Bus Boycott-1955
Montgomery Alabama
Rosa Parks, Dr. King

4. Lunch Counter Sit- Ins-1960
Greensboro, NC
4 NC A&T Students
nationwide movement

5. Freedom Rides-1962
Integrated busses crossing state lines

6. Birmingham Campaign-1963 Strong segregation laws
Police respond with fire hoses, dogs
Thousands of youth involved
Led to bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church

7. March on Washington-1963 “Jobs and Freedom” 200,000 black and white
“I Have A Dream” speech

8. Freedom Summer-1964 Mississippi campaign
Less than 5% of blacks were registered to vote
In 10 weeks
Over 1,000 arrested
80 workers beaten
37 churches bombed/burned
At least 7 murders

9. March on Selma “Bloody Sunday”
Selma Montgomery
police brutality
600 Marchers turned back
Return with support from LBJ & army

11. Assassination of MLK Jr-1968
Memphis, TN for Sanitation Workers Strike
Shot by James Earl Ray at the Lorraine Motel
Ray had been a George Wallace campaigner, who was running for Pres

12. Black Power Movement Stokely Carmichael Malcolm X Black Panther Party
Former SNCC member & freedom rider
Malcolm X
Activist within the Nation of Islam
Often compared in contrast to Dr. King
Black Panther Party
1966, militant self-defense, socialist

14. Other groups were fighting for equality in the 1960s & 1970s…

15. Latinos 1953-1958 “Operation Wetback” deported 3.8 million
Many were actually citizens, several activists
1965- Cesar Chavez co-founds the United Farm Workers
Supported immigration reform, protested discrimination/wages
1966- Law allowing all Cubans living in US for 1 year citizenship
1970- Students cannot be denied educational programs because they cannot speak English
1974- Bilingual programs in schools

16. Native Americans 1961- National Indian Youth Council
Pushed for advocacy and pride
At least 43,000 fought in Vietnam
1968- Indian Civil Rights Act
Conflict between Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) and American Indian Movement (AIM)
1970- Nixon speech supported Natives, denouncing past policies

17. LGBTQ Movement began in the early 1900s
1962- Illinois 1st state to decriminalize homosexuality
Stonewall
Riot in June 1969 at a bar in Greenwich Village (NYC)
1973- American Psychiatric Assoc. removes it from list of mental disorders
Harvey Milk
1st openly gay elected politician
California--- assassinated in 1978

19. Women Women’s rights in the US date back to 1848
% of American wives were on birth control
Huge gender role changes, women in workforce
1967- LBJ executive order adding “gender” to discrimination laws
1972- Title IX- equal funding in schools for males and females
1973- Roe v. Wade- Court overturns state laws regarding abortion access

20. Young People
Young people, particularly college students played a huge role in nearly all of these movements
Subculture emerges- Beatniks, Hippies, etc
Heavily influence music, fashion
Anti-War demonstrations
Teens pressure gov’t about voting rights
18 to draft for Vietnam war, 21 to vote
26th Amendment passed in 1971

22. Exam Practice
Throughout our history, civil rights in the United States have been expanded to protect the social and political freedom of all citizens.
Take a position for or against the above statement. Provide at least two specific examples (Supreme Court cases, protests/movements, amendments, laws, etc) to support your position. Respond in organized, complete sentences.