1. Earth Science Bellringer 9/5/17
What is the main energy source that fuels biogeochemical cycles on Earth?
Life as we know it is based on what simple element?
What is conduction?
What is radiation?
What is convection?

2. Spheres of the Earth Challenge!
BIOSPHERE
ATMOSPHERE
GEOSPHERE
HYDROSPHERE
What’s the point?
-Your challenge is to display your understanding of Earth’s interactions through pictures & terms. Use creativity to show the complexity of how the spheres of Earth are connected!
How to draw the spheres:
Carefully, tape your 4 sheets of paper together.
Make a small pencil dot DIRECTLY in the center
Measure 8 cm in all 4 directions from the center and make a small, pencil dot.
Open the compass to 10 cm
Place the compass pointer of each of your 4 dots (Not the center on), and draw a perfect circle
Side #1: Terms
Characterize each of the vocabulary terms on the piece of paper I gave you. Note that some will exist in the areas of overlap.

3. Heat Transfer
Solar radiation (Sun) warms the atmosphere and Earth’s surface and becomes heat energy.
Heat is the total kinetic energy of all the particles.
Heat moves from warmer to colder objects
Heat energy is transferred by:
Radiation
Conduction
Convection

4. Radiation Transfer of heat energy by electromagnetic waves.
Most EM radiation from sun is visible light.
EM radiation is made of waves w/ different frequencies.
Only form of energy that can travel through space.

5. Conduction Transfer of heat from one molecule to another.
Requires contact.
Heat moves from warm to cold.

6. Convection
Transfer of heat through movement of a fluid (liquid or gas).
Earth’s surface and air near surface heats unevenly.
Warm air expands, becomes less dense, rises.
Thermals form
Vertical movement of fluid.

7. Here ’ s How It Works! Energy in Atoms move faster
and get farther apart
Temperature
increases
Density
Decreases
Volume
Increases
Pressure
Energy out
Atoms move slower and get
closer together
Temperature falls
Density increases
decreases

8. Energy – the capacity to do work or produce heat.
A. Energy
Energy – the capacity to do work or produce heat.
Work is the capacity to move an object over a distance against a force
Two Kinds:
Kinetic – energy of motion (waves, molecules, objects)
Potential – stored energy or energy of position in the chemical bonds

9. Forms of Energy Kinetic energy: Potential energy: Electrical Chemical
Radiant
Thermal
Motion
Sound
Potential energy:
Chemical
Stored mechanical
Nuclear
Gravitational

10. Four States of Matter
Solids
very low KE - particles vibrate but can’t move around
fixed shape
fixed volume

11. Four States of Matter
Liquids
low KE - particles can move around but are still close together
variable shape
fixed volume

12. Four States of Matter
Gases
high KE - particles can separate and move throughout container
variable shape
variable volume

13. Four States of Matter
Plasma
very high KE - particles collide with enough energy to break into charged particles (+/-)
gas-like, variable shape & volume
stars, fluorescent light bulbs

14. Temperature
Temperature – measure of the average random kinetic energy of the particles.

15. Temperature
SI unit of temp: Kelvin (K)
The zero point on the Kelvin scale is called absolute zero (the point at which the motion of particles ceases).
0 K = oC