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Theme: Descent of religion
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The plan: 1. Different views of the origin of religion. 2. Totemism. 3. Fetishism. 4. animism 5. Magic, shamanism
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When there was a religion?
Since there is no empirical evidence that the question still remains unsolved.
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There are two opposite approaches
Theological Scientific
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He called it Nomo habilis (handy man))
L.Liki naturalist in 1960. A man emerged about 2 million year before Discovered the remains of creatures in Oldovayskih Mountains (Tanzania)) He called it Nomo habilis (handy man))
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The man appeared about 700 years ago, the Dutch physician Eugene Dubois in the 90s of the XIX century, discovered the remains of ancient people on the island of Java.
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In 1938 in a cave AP Okladnikov Teshik - Tash Neanderthal boy found buried (100 thousand years ago).
His burial was of a ritual, that is, religious in nature.
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Religion arose because early man was helpless before nature
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Religion arose because primitive man was powerless before the nature
Primitive beliefs - causing the initial stage of formation of human culture, a reflection of emerging companies, family and relations of production, the primitive state of mind, a sensitive mind and knowledge of ancient people about themselves and those around the world Religion arose because primitive man was powerless before the nature The main objects of worship in these religions were natural objects? By the early forms of religion usually referred fetishism, totemism, animism, shamanism and magic...
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Fetishism Magic Primitive beliefs Totemic Shamanism Animism
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Totemic Totemic - once almost universal, and now even the existing religious and social system whose base is a kind of cult of the so-called totem. This word is borrowed from the North American Ojibwa tribe, the language which means the name and totem sign, emblem of the clan, and the name of the animal, which the clan has a special cult.
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Belief in the spiritual unity man and nature
Source totemism Belief in the spiritual unity man and nature
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The word was first used totem English merchant and translator James Long in means "to his family." In the scientific sense, the totem is meant the class of objects or phenomena of nature, which one or other of the primitive social group, clan, phratry, tribe, or even every single floor within the group (Australia), and sometimes the individual (North America) - have a special worship with whom consider themselves bound by kinship and on whose behalf the call themselves.
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The main feature of totemism is that the totem is considered the founder of the social group and every individual class totem - a blood relative, a sibling of each member of his fans. If the totem, for example, is a raven, then it is considered valid and the progenitor of this kind, each crow - Kindred.
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Totems, in turn, as loyal relatives, besides possessing supernatural powers, have related by blood fans patronage, promoting their material well-being, protecting the earth from the wiles and supernatural enemies, warning of the danger (owl in Samoa), signaling a hike (kangaroo in Australia), in the war, etc.
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As a totem encounter wind, sun, rain, thunder, water, iron (Africa), even some of the animals and plants, such as the turtle's head, stomach, pig, leaf tips, and so on, but most of all - the classes of animals and plants
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As part of totemism, a whole system of prohibitions, called taboo.
Food taboos strictly controlled character to write, which was to accrue to the leader, soldiers, women, old people and children. A number of other taboo was intended to ensure the privacy of the home or hearth, subject to the law of burial, fix social status, rights and duties of members of the primitive group
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Taboo Religious and magical prohibition, the violation of which
punishable by a disease or death
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words actions things Objects of taboo people places animals
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The rites of totemic extenuating ritual assimilation eating totem
totems assimilation totem
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Fetish worship of inanimate objects, the worship of objects or phenomena of nature, endowed, according to believers, supernatural properties. The name comes from the Portuguese word "magic." The term "fetish" was introduced at the beginning of the tenth century, the Dutch explorer V. Bosmanom
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From the Portuguese "magic"
fetish From the Portuguese "magic" The Arabic word "mascot" The Latin word "amulet" (Magic item)
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Fetishism Objects of fetishism From the Portuguese "magic"
Objects, living beings Objects of fetishism Rocks, trees, bones, Articles of stone, trees The human figures (idols) Cats, dogs, etc.
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Types fetishes production general destination (multipurpose) treatment
meteorology Types fetishes love military solving a secrets of the past present and future protective malicious
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Animism belief in the existence of supernatural counterparts in humans, animals, plants, and material things. These words are called twin spirits and souls
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Belief in the existence of spirits
Animism Belief in the existence of spirits spiritualization From the Latin "anima" - "Soul" forces of nature inanimate items Animals Plants
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Animism «spirits» «spirits» mountains sun rivers sky wind stones rain
Dead people ancestors «spirits» mountains inanimate items and natural phenomena sun rivers sky wind stones rain earth
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Where are the souls of men after
death of their bodies? migrate in the body newborn In a special place ("Land of the Dead") Along with the living, but to see them You can only in sleep
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Forms contemporary animism
Belief in ghosts Spiritualism (from the Latin "Spiritus" - "Spirit" The souls of the dead, which remain among the living Belief in the possibility of communication with doubles of the dead With their help you can learn future, unravel the mysteries past and present
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Magic belief in the existence of supernatural counterparts in humans, animals, plants, and material things. These words are called twin spirits and souls.
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Magic belief in the existence of supernatural counterparts in humans, animals, plants and material objects. These twins are called words of the spirits and souls.
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Magic The set of representations and rites, which are based on
belief in the mysterious force They can be used to influence on people, objects
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The main purpose of shamanism is the treatment of body and mind.
(from the Evenk shaman itself - excited, ecstatic people) has been around for 20 to 30 thousand years.? The main purpose of shamanism is the treatment of body and mind.
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Shamanism Its also used for divination and to ensure good hunting and prosperity of the tribe or village called the man who, immersed in a special frenzied state of mind, acquires the ability to communicate with helping to protect and spirits and supernatural sources to draw from considerable force. One of the main tasks of the shaman is a rite (from the Turkic "stone" - a shaman), that is, its communion with the spirits during the ritual splash.
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can be found in our time among the American Indians
in Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand Practicing shamans Also among the indigenous peoples of Siberia the Yakuts and Tuva people, grow brown and Khakas, Evenk and Nenets.
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ancestral faith groups in the presence of particularly powerful supernatural opportunities in the oldest professional clergy
