1. : The World at War

2. THE WAR TO END ALL WARS?!

3. Differing Viewpoints “Family Feud” “The War to End All Wars”
“The War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy’”

4. Causes of the War Explain how long term tensions in Europe led to the outbreak of war

5. M. Militarism A. Alliances N. Nationalism I. Imperialism
Causes of the War
M. Militarism
A. Alliances
N. Nationalism
I. Imperialism
A. Assassination

6. “A.” The Alliance System
Triple Entente:
Triple Alliance:
GERMANY
GREAT
BRITAIN
FRANCE
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
RUSSIA
ITALY
Alliance set up as a security or defense measure.

7. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers: GREAT BRITAIN RUSSIA
GERMANY
FRANCE
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
RUSSIA
TURKEY
ITALY

9. “M.” Militarism (Arms Race) 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers (Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.) in millions
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1914 94
130
154
268
289
398
Who had the strongest army?
Increase in Defense Expenditures
France
10%
Britain
13%
Russia
39%
Germany
73%
Britain: “Water rats” don’t have to worry about “land rats”.
The Naval Race is on!

10. Victor Emmanuel II [It]
The Major Players:
Allied Powers:
Central Powers:
Nicholas II [Rus]
Wilhelm II [Ger]
George V [Br]
Victor Emmanuel II [It]
Enver Pasha [Turkey]
Pres. Poincare [Fr]
Franz Josef [A-H]

11. “I”. Imperial Rivalries (Economic)
Who can obtain the largest empire and control the world!!!
Refueling bases, cheap raw materials and new markets

12. “N”. Aggressive Nationalism Extreme pride in your nation!

13. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914
The “Powder Keg” of Europe
Europe in 1914 is often compared to a powder keg: safe and secure until a fuse is lit.
Who is Serbia’s “Big Bro”?

14. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family
The “Spark”
Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

15. The Assassination: Sarajevo
The Assassin: Gsvrilo Princip
Many nations had an interest in the region.
The Powder Keg had Exploded!

16. Who’s To Blame?

17. The Schlieffen Plan

18. The Schlieffen Plan
In 1914, Germany believed war with Russia was extremely likely 
If war broke out, Germany assumed France would also attack as she was both an ally of Russia and keen for revenge for her defeat in the Franco-Prussian war
If this happened, Germany would face a war on two fronts 
Germany wanted to avoid this at all costs
Germany planned to defeat France rapidly and then turn to the eastern front for a major offensive on Russia
This was the basis for the Schlieffen Plan.

19. The Schlieffen Plan
Attack France through Holland, Belgium & Luxembourg
Schlieffen planned to use 90% of German military forces to deliver a knock out.
Remaining 10% would defend the eastern border of Germany against Russian attack

20. Recruitment Posters

22. Women and the War Effort

23. Financing the War

24. For Recruitment

25. Munitions Workers

26. French Women Factory Workers

27. German Women Factory Workers

28. Working in the Fields

29. A Woman Ambulance Driver

30. Red Cross Nurses

31. Russian Women Soldiers

32. Posters: Wartime Propaganda

33. Financing the War

34. The Western Front: A “War of Attrition”

35. A Multi-Front War

36. The Western Front

37. Trench Warfare

38. Trench Warfare
“No Man’s Land”

41. War Is HELL !!

42. Sacrifices in War

43. Verdun – February, 1916 German offensive.
Each side had 500,000 casualties.

44. The Somme – July, 1916 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

45. UNITED STATES
NEUTRALITY

46. UNITED STATES NEUTRALITY
REMAINS NEUTRAL ONCE WWI BEGINS
THE REASON:
3,000 MILES AWAY
DID NOT THREATEN AMERICAN LIVES OR PROPERTY

47. UNITED STATES NEUTRALITY
ECONOMIC
TIES WITH THE ALLIES WERE FAR STRONGER THAN ITS TIES WITH CENTRAL POWERS
US TRADE WITH BRITAIN AND FRANCE MORE THAN DOUBLE TRADE WITH GERMANY

48. BRITISH BLOCKADE
BRITAIN USED NAVAL STRENGTH TO BLOCKAD GERMAN COAST AND PREVENT WEAPONS AND FROM GETTING THROUGH
GERMANY BEGAN TO STARVE
750,000 DIED BY 1917

49. GERMAN RESPONSE BLOCKADED BRITAIN WITH U-BOATS
UNTERSEEBOOT-GERMAN FOR SUBMARINE
ANY SHIP FOUND IN WATERS AROUND BRITAIN WOULD BE SUNK

50. U-Boats

51. The Sinking of the Lusitania
MAY 7TH , 1915
GERMAN U-BOAT SANK BRITISH LINER-LUSITANIA OFF THE COAST OF IRELAND
1198 PERSONS LOST (128 AMERICANS)

52. The Sinking of the Lusitania
WILSON TRIED TO MEDIATE BETWEEN ALLIANCES
GERMANS IGNORED WILSON’S CALL FOR PEACE
GERMANY SAYS ALL U-BOATS WILL SINK ALL SHIPS
WILSON BREAKS OF TALKS WITH GERMANY
WILSON-”WAIT FOR ACTUAL OVERT ACTS

53. The Zimmerman Telegram
FROM GERMAN FOREIGN MINISTER TO THE GERMAN AMBASSADOR IN MEXICO
INTERCEPTED BY BRITISH AGENTS
TELEGRAM POSED AN ALLANCE BETWEEN MEXICO & GERMANY
PROMISED THAT IF WAR WITH US BROKE OUT….
GERMANY WOULD SUPPORT MEXICO IN RECOVERING “LOST TERRITORY” IN TEXAS, NEW MEXICO, AND ARIZONA
MORE SHIPS GET SUNK BY GERMAN U-BOATS WITH OUT WARNING
AMERICANS DEMAND WAR

54. America Joins the Allies

55. ASKING CONGRESS?
PRESIDENT WILSON’S PURPOSE IS ASKING CONGRESS TO DECLARE WAR WAS TO:
PAVE THE WAY FOR FUTURE ORDER OF PEACE AND FREEDOM
DEMOCRACY IN THE WORLD!

56. The Yanks Are Coming!

57. Americans in the Trenches

58. AMERICAN HOMEFRONT

59. MOBILIZING FOR WAR IMPACT OF MOBILIZING 3 PARTS ECONOMIC POLITICAL
SOCIAL

60. MOBILIZING FOR WAR TASKS FACED BY THE NATION:
TRANSPORTING TROOPS OVERSEAS
FILLING INDUSTRIAL JOBS
MEN LEFT TO FIGHT
RAISING FUNDS THROUGH THE SALE OF WAR BONDS

61. AMERICAS RESPONSE TO DRAFT
SELECTIVE SERVICE ACT
HOW DO YOU THINK THEY RESPONDED?
RESPONDED WITH ENTHUSIASM
24 MILLION REGISTERED

62. IMPACT ON IMMIGRANTS
MAIN TARGETS WERE GERMAN AND AUSTRIA-HUNGARY EMIGRANTS
LOST JOBS
STOPPED TEACHING GERMAN LANGUAGE
VIOLENCE

63. IMPACT ON IMMIGRANTS CIVIL RIGHTS
JUNE 1917 CONGRESS PASSED THE ESPIONAGE ACT
MAY 1918 PASSED THE SEDITION ACTS
UNDER THESE LAWS A PERSON COULD BE:
FINED UP TO 10,000
SENTENCED TO 20 YEARS
FOR INTERFERING WITH WAR EFFORT

64. WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD CREATED TO ENCOURAGE COMPANIES TO USE:
MASS-PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES TO INCREASE EFFICIENCY
DECREASE THE AMOUNT OF CONSUMER PRODUCTS AVAILABLE