1. Beyond SM? Where are we going? How do we achieve our goal?
Is there life after Higgs?
How do we
achieve
our goal?
John Ellis

2. Paraphrasing George Harrison Quoting George Harrison
If you don’t know where you’re going,
Any road will take you there
Which road will take you there?

3. Beyond SM? How do we achieve our goal? New Accelerators:
HL-LHC, LBNF, ILC,
CLIC, CEPC, CEPC…
Cosmology & Astrophysics:
inflation, dark matter,
cosmic rays, grav. waves, …
Beyond SM?
Neutrinos:
CP, hierarchy, …
Standard Model EFT
Higgs:
CP, κV,f, flavour violation, …
Electroweak:
sin2θ, TGCs, …
Flavour:
CKM, anomalies, …
QCD:
PDFs, hard perturbative calculations, …

4. Standard Model Cross-Sections @ LHC

5. CKM Unitarity Triangle
Many consistent measurements
Least well-known angle: γ
Important new result from LHCb

6. Flavour Anomalies
No worries
Wait & See
Serious?

7. Beyond SM? Standard Model EFT Higgs: CP, κV,f, flavour violation, …
Electroweak:
sin2θ, TGCs, …
Flavour:
CKM, anomalies, …
QCD:
PDFs, hard perturbative calculations, …

8. Higgs Mass Measurements
ATLAS + CMS ZZ* and γγ final states
Statistical uncertainties dominate
Allows precision tests
Crucial for stability of electroweak vacuum

9. What we Expect
What do we know?

10. Measurements in Run 1 Open questions: Hbb? Hμμ? ttH production?
LHC
FNAL
Hμμ?
ttH production?
tH production?

11. It Walks and Quacks like a Higgs
Do couplings scale ~ mass? With scale = v?
Solid line = SM, dashed line = best fit
Global
fit

12. Flavour-Changing Couplings?
Upper limits from FCNC, EDMs, …
Quark FCNC bounds exclude observability of quark-flavour-violating h decays
Lepton-flavour-violating h decays could be large:
Either BR(τμ) or BR(τe) could be O(10)%
B BR(μe) must be < 2 ✕ 10-5
Blankenburg, JE, Isidori: arXiv:
Harnik, Kopp, Zupan: arXiv:

13. Flavour-Changing Higgs Coupling?
Update from 2015
Run 2 data

14. Elementary Higgs or Composite?
Higgs field:
<0|H|0> ≠ 0
Quantum loop problems
Fermion-antifermion condensate
Just like QCD, BCS superconductivity
Top-antitop condensate? needed mt > 200 GeV
Cutoff
Λ = 10 TeV
New strong interactions?
Heavy scalar resonance?
Inconsistent with
precision electroweak data?
Pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone?
Cut-off Λ ~ 1 TeV with
Supersymmetry?

15. Phenomenological Framework
Assume custodial symmetry:
Parameterize gauge bosons by 2 × 2 matrix Σ:
Coefficients a = c = 1 in Standard Model
Coefficients chosen to reproduce SM in limit of unit coefficients a, c, b etc. To follow this talk all you really need to remember is that a parametrizes the gauge couplings of the scalar and c parametrizes its fermionic couplings.

16. Global Analysis of Higgs-like Models
Rescale couplings: to bosons by κV, to fermions by κf
Standard Model: κV = κf = 1
Consistency between Higgs and EW measurements
Must tune composite models to look like SM

17. Standard Model Effective Field Theory
Assuming H(125) is SM-like: Model-independent search for new physics
Standard Model Effective Field Theory
Higher-dimensional operators as relics of higher-energy physics, e.g., dimension 6:
Operators constrained by SU(2) × U(1) symmetry:
Constrain with precision EW, Higgs data, TGCs ...

18. Global Fits including LHC Higgs, TGCs
Higgs production
LHC Triple-gauge couplings
Global combination
Individual operators
Preferred framework for Higgs analysis
JE, Sanz & Tevong You, arXiv:

19. Theoretical Constraints on Higgs Mass
Large Mh → large self-coupling → blow up at low-energy scale Λ due to
renormalization
Small: renormalization
due to t quark drives
quartic coupling < 0
at some scale Λ
→ vacuum unstable
Vacuum could be stabilized by Supersymmetry
1011.1±1.3 GeV
Degrassi, Di Vita, Elias-Miro, Giudice, Isodori & Strumia, arXiv:

20. Vacuum Instability in the Standard Model
Very sensitive to mt as well as MH
Instability scale:
mt = ± 1.0 GeV  log10(Λ/GeV) = 11.1 ± 1.3
New D0
World
average
New ATLAS
New CMS
Bednyakov, Kniehl, Pikelner and Veretin: arXiv:
Buttazzo, Degrassi, Giardino, Giudice, Sala, Salvio & Strumia, arXiv:

21. Instability during Inflation?
Hook, Kearns, Shakya & Zurek: arXiv:
Do inflation fluctuations drive us over the hill?
Then Fokker-Planck evolution
Do AdS regions eat us?
Disaster if so
If not, OK if more inflation
OK if dim-6 operator? Non-minimal gravity coupling?

22. Beyond SM? Cosmology & Astrophysics: inflation, dark matter,
cosmic rays, grav. waves, …
Beyond SM?
Neutrinos:
CP, hierarchy, …
Standard Model EFT
Higgs:
CP, κV,f, flavour violation, …
Electroweak:
sin2θ, TGCs, …
Flavour:
CKM, anomalies, …
QCD:
PDFs, hard perturbative calculations, …

23. « Empty » space is unstable Dark matter Origin of matter
Masses of neutrinos
Hierarchy problem
Inflation
Quantum gravity …
Run 2
SUSY
Run 2
SUSY
Run 2
SUSY
Run 2
SUSY
SUSY
SUSY
The Standard Model 23

24. If you know of a better hole, go to it
If you know of a better hole, go to it

25. What lies beyond the Standard Model?
Supersymmetry
New motivations
From LHC Run 1
Stabilize electroweak vacuum
Successful prediction for Higgs mass
Should be < 130 GeV in simple models
Successful predictions for couplings
Should be within few % of SM values
Naturalness, GUTs, string, …, dark matter

26. SUSY: Dusk or Dawn?

28. Nothing (yet) at the LHC
No supersymmetry
Nothing else, either
More of same?
Unexplored nooks?
Novel signatures?

29. Impact of 13 TeV Data so far
SU(5)
GUT
2012 1 5
20/fb
Bagnaschi, Costa, Sakurai, JE et al:
arXiv:
Gluino
Before
After
Important to take decay branching ratios into account
Squark
Light
up, charm
squarks?
Before
After

30. Best-Fit Sparticle Spectrum
SU(5)GUT
Accessible to LHC?
Bagnaschi, Costa, Sakurai, JE et al: arXiv:

31. Impact of 13 TeV Data so far
SU(5)
GUT
Gluino
Squark
Before
After
Before
After
SU(5)
GUT
Reach of LHC at
High luminosity
Reach of LHC at
High luminosity  
Limited impact of first 13/fb of 13 TeV data
Plenty of room for supersymmetry in future LHC runs
No guarantees!
Bagnaschi, Costa, Sakurai, JE et al: arXiv:

32. Bagnaschi, Costa, Sakurai, JE et al: arXiv:1610.10084
Long-Lived Stau?
Possible if mstau – mLSP < mτ
Generic possibility in CMSSM, NUHM, SU(5)
(stau coannihilation region)
2012
τstau > 103 s gives problems with nucleosynthesis
τstau > 10-7 s gives separated vertex signature for τ-like decays
Bagnaschi, Costa, Sakurai, JE et al: arXiv:

33. Minimal Anomaly-Mediated Supersymmetry-Breaking Model
Squark 
Wino Dark Matter
Mixed
Dark Matter  
Assuming
LSP is all
the dark matter,
including
Sommerfeld
enhancement
Higgsino Dark Matter
LSP is charged
Bagnaschi, Borsato, Sakurai, JE et al: arXiv:

34. Minimal Anomaly-Mediated Supersymmetry-Breaking Model
LSP provides all
the dark matter
LSP provides only
some dark matter
Wino Dark Matter
Mixed Dark Matter
Higgsino Dark Matter
Bagnaschi, Borsato, Sakurai, JE et al: arXiv:

35. Minimal Anomaly-Mediated Supersymmetry-Breaking Model
LSP all dark matter
LSP some dark matter
Wino Dark Matter
Higgsino Dark Matter
Bagnaschi, Borsato, Sakurai, JE et al: arXiv:

36. Minimal Anomaly-Mediated Supersymmetry-Breaking Model
LSP some of the dark matter
FCC-pp reach
FCC-pp reach
LHC reach
LHC reach
Gluino
Squark
Wino Dark Matter
Higgsino Dark Matter
Bagnaschi, Borsato, Sakurai, JE et al: arXiv:

37. Beyond SM? How do we achieve our goal? Cosmology & Astrophysics:
inflation, dark matter,
cosmic rays, grav. waves, …
Beyond SM?
Neutrinos:
CP, hierarchy, …
Standard Model EFT
Higgs:
CP, κV,f, flavour violation, …
Electroweak:
sin2θ, TGCs, …
Flavour:
CKM, anomalies, …
QCD:
PDFs, hard perturbative calculations, …

38. Direct Dark Matter Searches
Compilation of present and future sensitivities
SUSY
models
Neutrino
“floor”

39. Direct Dark Matter Searches
Spin-independent dark matter scattering
SU(5)
GUT
Bagnaschi, Costa, Sakurai, JE et al:
arXiv:
Estimated reach with
LUX-Zepelin
mAMSB
May also be below
Neutrino ‘floor’
Direct scattering cross-section
may be very close
to LUX upper limit,
accessible to LZ experiment,
Could also be < neutrino “floor”
Bagnaschi, Borsato, Sakurai, JE et al: arXiv:

40. LHC vs Dark Matter Searches
Compilation of present “mono-jet” sensitivities
LHC loses for vector, except small mDM
NB: Model dependence

41. The LHC in Future Years

42. Years from Proposal to Discovery Introduction
Standard Model Particles:
Years from Proposal to Discovery
Introduction
Lovers of physics
Beyond the SM:
be patient!
All the particles of the standard model, from conception to discovery, with the higgs the last missing piece. History will remember the higgs discovery of this year as closing the chapter on an amazing century of unraveling the subatomic world and building the SM. End with “given the particle content of the SM and their quantum numbers…”
(Alternatively): The picture of fundamental physics at the start of the last century was a classical one in which all that was left was to measure to increasing precision, with a few anomalies here and there like blackbody radiation or the precession of mercury…

43. Beyond SM? How do we achieve our goal? New Accelerators:
HL-LHC, LBNF, ILC,
CLIC, CEPC, CEPC…
Cosmology & Astrophysics:
inflation, dark matter,
cosmic rays, grav. waves, …
Beyond SM?
Neutrinos:
CP, hierarchy, …
Standard Model EFT
Higgs:
CP, κV,f, flavour violation, …
Electroweak:
sin2θ, TGCs, …
Flavour:
CKM, anomalies, …
QCD:
PDFs, hard perturbative calculations, …

44. Projected e+e- Colliders: Luminosity vs Energy
Prioritize energy or luminosity at low E?
LHC Run 2 will guide us

45. CLIC Sensitivities to Dimension-6 Operators
Sensitivity enhanced by higher centre-of-mass energy
350 GeV
3 TeV
Global fit
Individual operators
Omitting W+W-
JE, Roloff, Sanz & Tevong You, in preparation

46. CLIC Sensitivities to Dimension-6 Operators
Sensitivity enhanced by higher centre-of-mass energy
Individual operators
Global fit
JE, Roloff, Sanz & Tevong You, in preparation

47. Future Circular Colliders
The vision:
explore 10 TeV scale directly (100 TeV pp) + indirectly (e+e-)

48. FCC-ee Sensitivities to Dimension-6 Operators
Shadings:
With/without theoretical EWPT uncertainties
EWPTs and Higgs
Shadings of green:
Effect of including TGCs at ILC
Higgs and TGCs
JE & Tevong You, arXiv:

49. Higgs Cross Sections
At the LHC and beyond:

50. Discover 12 TeV squark, 16 TeV gluino @ 5σ
Squark-Gluino Plane
Discover 12 TeV squark, 16 TeV 5σ

51. Summary Much still to be learnt about Higgs boson
Rumours of the death of SUSY are exaggerated
Still the best framework for TeV-scale physics
Simple models (CMSSM, etc.) under pressure
More general models quite healthy
Good prospects for LHC Run 2 and for direct dark matter detection
But no guarantees
Await full Run 2 before choosing next collider