1. The 3 c’s: consumerism, choice and competition
Education policies
these policies are created by government. Impact students based on marketization and reducing inequality
The 3 c’s: consumerism, choice and competition

2. Have educational policies promoted marketization?

3. Marketisation of education
This view argues that educational policies have led to education becoming a market place. It has created increased choice, competition and consumerism amongst and between institutions and consumers

4. Free schools: how does this promote parentocracy?
Parents can set up a state funded school to improve education and respond to what locals say they want
Gives parents too much control over schools
Often charities offer funding
Often to address real demand within an area
Not controlled by local education authority, directly by government
Set up schools if dissatisfied with local schools
Parents have more input with curriculum choices
Focus on religion sometimes
Encourages teachers and parents to work together and drive up standards and grades within education
Promotes paretnocracy, choice

5. Tuition fees: how does this link to market values in education?
Education is a commodity, links with competition. Buy your education, consumerism
Encourages universities to compete for students eg open days
Increased choice in courses – consumerism

6. Vocational education/apprenticeships: in what ways do these meets the demands of industry?
Providing people who are suited for a job. Work based training makes you more of a candidate. Providing skills for the work force
Allow individuals to get jobs in competitive occupations
Provides work based training. Gives individual employability skills in a competitive environment
Employability skills

7. New a level reforms: how does this relate to the 3c’s in education
Encourages more rigorous assessment
Encourages competition eg working hard for high grades
Variety of choice within a levels and new qualifications
No resits

8. Academies: in what ways have academies raised achievement
Academies: in what ways have academies raised achievement? How can academies be linked to privatization?
Labour government – under performing schools were encouraged to become academies
Jack petchy – 59% a*-c 2014
Academies are not controlled by the local education authority. They have direct funding from the government and sponsors. More control over the curriculum. Must offer core subjects, more control after that
Academies encourage marketization. Eg more choice and competition and increased funding

9. Have educational policies reduced inequalities in achievement?

10. Reducing inequality
This view argues that government policies in education have reduced inequality in educational access and achievement for different social groups

11. Curriculum
A levels before this time were linear exams after 2 years
Curriculum 2000 introduced module exams (2 at as, 2 at a2)
This enabled students of all abilities to have a greater chance of success
Resits
Provide students ability to succeed at a level

12. Sure start: in what ways des this give a helping hand to social groups?
Programme to deliver the best start in live for every child by bringing together early education, childcare, health and family support
Targeted on disadvantages groups – poverty
Gives people who earn less money to give their children basic literacy skills before school. Chance to give children same opportunity within education eg may have material deprivation
It did reduce inequality. Provided equal opportunity
That was its main aim and it was success
2010 conservatives closed majority of them

13. How can vocational education/apprenticeships promote equality
How can vocational education/apprenticeships promote equality? What type of students may benefit from this policy?
Students who may not want to go to university or are not good with academic subjects, they have the opportunity to work for their qualification practically
Good for students who may not be able to afford uni
It promotes equality
Often good for working class students
Training on the course
Less pressure from parents to leave education

14. EMA (labour) / Bursary (conservatives): which social groups have benefitted from this policy most and why?
EMA- encouraged low income families children to stay in education for up to £30 a week
Bursary – conservative government tried to cut costs and removed EMA, Bursaries are cheaper for the government to sustain. Colleges have more control. eg to pay for trips, food vouchers
EMA promoted more equality as it was fairer. Unlike the bursary they didn’t have to ask the school to pay for them to eg go on a trip
Direct access to individual- easier to access

15. Increasing school leaving age to 18
Prevents problem of some young people leaving education without qualifications or workplace skills. Everyone has more of a chance of employability
Choice of young people to stay in full time education on work based learning is inclusive and provides choice
Raiding participation will ensure that all young people, especially the most vulnerable, will benefit from he opportunities provided by continuing in learning

16. Pupil premium
School get a certain amount of money for their disadvantaged students, good as the money can go towards certain things eg equipment or school trips
Head teacher is in charge of this money, may want to put it towards getting better facilities instead of helping the individuals who are vulnerable

17. Social policies education 1997-2015
Some policies encourage marketization eg they promote choice, consumerism and competition between schools as well as parentocracy
Other policies encourage equality eg equal access to education and supporting vulnerable groups
Labour focus on both, conservative just marketization