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Bacterial cell envelope and antibiotics efficacy

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Presentation on theme: "Bacterial cell envelope and antibiotics efficacy"— Presentation transcript:

1 Bacterial cell envelope and antibiotics efficacy

2 The Cell Membrane selective permeability and transport of solutes
electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation in aerobic species excretion of hydrolytic exoenzymes bearing the enzymes and carrier molecules that function in the biosynthesis of DNA, cell wall polymers, and membrane lipids bearing the receptors and other proteins of the chemotactic and other sensory transduction systems

3 Permeability and transport
transports Active transport Ion-coupled transport uniport symport antiport ABC transport Passive transport Simple diffusion Facilitated diffusion Channel proteins Group translocation Vectorial metabolism Special transport processes Fe transport

4 Group translocation

5 Excretion of hydrolytic exoenzymes and pathogenicity proteins

6 Excretion of hydrolytic exoenzymes and pathogenicity proteins
Excretion protein Type l α-hemolysin E coli adenylyl cyclase Bordetella pertussis Type ll Elastase phospholipase C Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A Type lll Type lV protein–DNA complexes Agrobacterium tumefaciens pertussis toxin B pertussis interleukin-8–inducing factor H pylori Type V IgA protease Neisseria gonorrhoeae vacuolating cytotoxin Helicobacter pylori

7 Special Components of Gram-Negative and Gram- positive Cell Walls
1. Outer membrane 2. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 3.Lipoprotein 4.The periplasmic space Gram-positive: 1.Teichoic acid 2.Lipoteichoic acid 3.Teichoronic acid

8 Special Components of Gram-Positive Cell Walls

9 Special Components of Gram-Negative Cell Walls

10 The Peptidoglycan Layer

11 Biosynthetic functions : Synthesis of Cell Wall Peptidoglycan

12 D-Ala-D-Ala synthesis

13 INHIBITION OF CELL WALL SYNTHESIS
antibiotics β-lactam drugs penicillin's cephalosporin's monobactams carpabenem glycopeptide Vancomycin other Cycloserine

14 The mimicry of beta-lactam antibiotics to acyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine (D-Ala-D-Ala)

15 Mechanism of action β-lactam

16 The model of beta-lactamase induction in Gram-negative bacteria

17 Beta-lactamase

18 vancomycin

19 cycloserine is an amino acid derivative with an unusual structure
As a cyclic analogue of D- alanine, cycloserine acts against two crucial enzymes important in the cytosolic stages of peptidoglycan synthesis: alanine racemase (Alr) and D-alanine:D- alanine ligase (Ddl)

20 Bacitracin

21 Lysozyme

22 INHIBITION/ALTERATION OF CELL MEMBRANE FUNCTION
Polymyxins detergent-like Daptomycin permit rapid diffusion of specific cations through the membrane Novobiocin specifically interfere with biosynthetic functions of the cytoplasmic membranes

23 Polymyxins

24 Daptomycin

25 Antimicrobial peptides
are part of the innate immune response found among all classes of life These peptides are potent, broad spectrum antibiotics Are cationic and bind to acidic bacterial membrane

26 AMPs mechanism of action

27


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