1. Bacterial cell envelope and antibiotics efficacy

2. The Cell Membrane selective permeability and transport of solutes
electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation in aerobic species
excretion of hydrolytic exoenzymes
bearing the enzymes and carrier molecules that function in the biosynthesis of DNA, cell wall polymers, and membrane lipids
bearing the receptors and other proteins of the chemotactic and other sensory transduction systems

3. Permeability and transport
transports
Active transport
Ion-coupled transport
uniport
symport
antiport
ABC transport
Passive transport
Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Channel proteins
Group translocation
Vectorial metabolism
Special transport processes
Fe transport

4. Group translocation

5. Excretion of hydrolytic exoenzymes and pathogenicity proteins

6. Excretion of hydrolytic exoenzymes and pathogenicity proteins
Excretion protein
Type l
α-hemolysin
E coli
adenylyl cyclase
Bordetella pertussis
Type ll
Elastase
phospholipase C
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
exotoxin A
Type lll
Type lV
protein–DNA complexes
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
pertussis toxin
B pertussis
interleukin-8–inducing factor
H pylori
Type V
IgA protease
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
vacuolating cytotoxin
Helicobacter pylori

7. Special Components of Gram-Negative and Gram- positive Cell Walls
1. Outer membrane
2. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
3.Lipoprotein
4.The periplasmic space
Gram-positive:
1.Teichoic acid
2.Lipoteichoic acid
3.Teichoronic acid

8. Special Components of Gram-Positive Cell Walls

9. Special Components of Gram-Negative Cell Walls

10. The Peptidoglycan Layer

11. Biosynthetic functions : Synthesis of Cell Wall Peptidoglycan

12. D-Ala-D-Ala synthesis

13. INHIBITION OF CELL WALL SYNTHESIS
antibiotics
β-lactam drugs
penicillin's
cephalosporin's
monobactams
carpabenem
glycopeptide
Vancomycin
other
Cycloserine

14. The mimicry of beta-lactam antibiotics to acyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine (D-Ala-D-Ala)

15. Mechanism of action β-lactam

16. The model of beta-lactamase induction in Gram-negative bacteria

17. Beta-lactamase

18. vancomycin

19. cycloserine is an amino acid derivative with an unusual structure
As a cyclic analogue of D- alanine, cycloserine acts against two crucial enzymes important in the cytosolic stages of peptidoglycan synthesis: alanine racemase (Alr) and D-alanine:D- alanine ligase (Ddl)

20. Bacitracin

21. Lysozyme

22. INHIBITION/ALTERATION OF CELL MEMBRANE FUNCTION
Polymyxins
detergent-like
Daptomycin
permit rapid diffusion of specific cations through the membrane
Novobiocin
specifically interfere with biosynthetic functions of the cytoplasmic membranes

23. Polymyxins

24. Daptomycin

25. Antimicrobial peptides
are part of the innate immune response found among all classes of life
These peptides are potent, broad spectrum antibiotics
Are cationic and bind to acidic bacterial membrane

26. AMPs mechanism of action