1. PROSPECTS OF AQUACULTURE
IN DISASTER PRONE SOUTHERN REGION OF BANGLADESH:
TOWARDS RESILIENCE OF INCOME, SUBSISTENCE AND NUTRITION
Md. Eilious Hosain, Mohammed Zakir Hossain and Mohammad Bodrul Munir
WorldFish Bangladesh

2. Background
Bangladesh is predominantly an agro economic zone and is naturally endowed with huge fresh, brackish, marine water resources and one of the most vulnerable countries in the world prone to natural disasters such as tropical cyclone, flood, riverbank erosion, tornado, earthquake - causing heavy loss of life and property and jeopardizing the development activities and aquaculture & fisheries no exception.
There are 508 cyclones have originated in the Bay of Bengal in the last 100 years, 17 percent have hit Bangladesh (ERD 2008).
Despites of such overwhelming problems of southern region aquaculture recognized as a promising sector and having enormous prospects.
Fig. 1: Showing frequency of tropical cyclone held in Bangladesh from 1582 to 2015 (Source: SMRC 1998 and Wikipedia August 2015)
Background

3. Aim and Objectives
The study attempts to present aquaculture initiatives of USAID-AIN project including specialized and modern technologies are being promoted in disaster prone southern region and how the aquaculture contributes to income and nutrition for the people lives in disaster prone areas.
Identify challenges and opportunities for sustainable aquaculture in disaster prone southern region of Bangladesh.
Determined strategies and policy to disseminate USAID-AIN project specialized and modern aquaculture technologies among aquaculture folks of disaster prone southern region based on disaster and climate change adaptation.
Aim and Objectives

4. Methodology: Study Area/AIN coverage in Barisal:
Table1 : Showing USAID-AIN project coverage area and number of aquaculture entrepreneurs in Barisal region
Barisal
Barguna
Bhola
Jhalokathi
Patuakhali
Coverage
Number
District 5
Upazila 23
Union 83
Village
821
Group
1,838
Homestead Pond Group
1,603
Commercial Pond Group
235
Household farmer
38,902
Commercial farmer
5,752
Cage Culture farmer
150
Hatchery 30
Nursery
205
Data Type
Number
Hatchery 14
Household aquaculture
165
Commercial aquaculture 80
Total
259
Survey and Data Collection

5. Methodology
Sustainable Aquaculture Development Process in Disaster Prone Southern Region
Component
Objectives
Quality Fish and Shrimp Seed
Dissemination of improved quality lines of fish and shrimp seed
Household Aquaculture
Improving the nutrition and income status of farm households
Commercial Aquaculture
Increasing investment, employment and fish production through commercial aquaculture
Institutions and Policies
Policy and regulatory reform and institutional capacity building to support sustainable aquaculture growth

6. Methodology: Sustainable Aquaculture Development Process in Disaster Prone Southern Region
Table 2 : Quality Fish/prawn seed development process
Species
Brood support
Technology
Rui (Labeo rohita) √
Catla (Catla catla)
Mrigel (Cirrhinus mrigala)
Kalibaus (Labeo calbasu)
---
Gonia (Labeo gonius)
Bata (Labeo bata)
Shing (Heteropneustes fossilis)
Magur (Clarious batrachus)
Common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Silver carp (Hypopthalmichthys molitris)
Bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis)
Grass carp (Ctenophrayngodon idella)
Silver barb (Barbodes gononiotus)
Black carp (Mylopharyangondon piceus)
Tilapia (Oreochromis niliticus)
Thai pungas (Pangisius hypophthalmus)
Vietnamese koi (Anabus testudineous)
Prawn (Macrobrachium rogenbergii)
Table 3: Household and Commercial aquaculture development process
Technology
Old
Relatively new
New
Polyculture
Indian major & minor carps M
--- --
Indigenous & Exotic carps
Carps & tilapia
Carps, tilapia & pangas
Carps & mola
I &M
Aquaculture & dike cropping
E & M
Monoculture
Pangas
Tilapia
Vietnamese koi
I & M
Shingi
Magur
Tilapia cage culture
Note: M=Modified, I=Introduced, E=Explore
Table3: Quality Fish/prawn seed development process

7. Methodology Survey, Data Collection & Analysis Features
HHA CA
Pond leas values √
Embankments of bottom repairing cost
Lime and fertilizer
Water exchange cost
Fingerling stock cost
Netting of pond
Water expenses for hatching
---
----
Feed and medicine
PG and Hormone
Depreciations
Maintenance
Marketing
Salary of technicians/ workers
Survey, Data Collection &
Analysis
Parameters H
HHA CA
Production √
Income
Expenditure
Net profit
Benefit Cost Ratio
Data Analysis
Data on different parameters of the study were measured, tabled and presented by using MS Word and MS Excel 2007.
Hatchery micro level parameters were determined Taka/per Kg spawn
Household and commercial micro level parameters measured by production Kg/dec. and others Tk/dec

8. Fig. 2: Species wise fish seed production
Table 4: Hatchery Status in Barisal Region
Results and Observation
Type of Hatchery
Parameter
Range
Mean±SD
Carp Hatchery
Income
3450±648
Expenditure
1980±601
Net profit
1470±615
BCR
1.88±0.57
Tilapia Hatchery
619±27
309±10
310±31
2±0.12
Quality Fish seed production
Fig. 2: Species wise fish seed production
Fig. 3: Employment Opportunity in Hatchery

9. Gender engagement in Household aquaculture
Results and Observation
Household Aquaculture Status
Table 5: Household Aquaculture Status in Barisal Region
Parameter
Barisal
Bhola
Barguna
Jhalokathi
Patuakhali
Production/dec. (Kg)
Range
10-56
14-182
8-281
12-43
16-99
Mean+SD
21±10
39±37
42±52
24±9
32±16
Income/dec.
(Tk)
3055±1618
4962±4026
6347±7502
3094±1084
4175±1760
Expenditure/dec.
1292±799
2811±2967
2974±4845
1599±504
1894±915
Net profit/dec.
1763±1103
2150±1363
3373±2745
1495±841
2281±1047
BCR
2.73±1.36
1.95±0.49
2.59±0.69
1.99±0.55
2.35±0.77
Fig 4:
Gender engagement in Household aquaculture
Fig 2: Gender engagement in Household aquaculture

10. Results and Observation
Commercial Aquaculture Status
Table 6: Commercial Aquaculture Status in Barisal Region
Parameter
Barisal
Bhola
Jhalokathi
Patuakhali
Production/dec. (Kg)
Range
8-121
12-180
15-54
12-53
Mean+SD
31±25
49±38
32±13
25±11
Income/dec.
(Tk)
5330±7836
6111±4259
4493±2549
3228±1384
Expenditure/dec.
2512±3312
3685±3050
2459±1453
1691±674
Net profit/dec.
2818±4669
2426±1563
2034±1352
1537±858
BCR
2.42±1.16
1.74±0.36
1.86±0.32
1.94±0.44
Fig 5: Gender engagement in commercial aquaculture
Fig. 3: Gender Engagement in Commercial Aquaculture

11. Results and Observation
Household Aquaculture
Household Aquaculture
Fig.6: Production variations of different
districts of Barisal region
Fig 7: Income variations of different
districts of Barisal region

12. Fig. 9: Net profit variations of different districts of Barisal region
Results and Observation
Household Aquaculture
Fig. 9: Net profit variations of different
districts of Barisal region

13. Result and Observation
Commercial Aquaculture
Fig 12: Income variations of different
districts of Barisal region
Fig.11: Production variations of
different districts of Barisal region

14. Fig. 15: BCR variations of different districts of Barisal region
Results and Observation
Commercial Aquaculture
Fig. 14: Net profit variations of different districts of Barisal region
Fig. 13: Expenditure varitions of different districts of Barisal region
Fig. 15: BCR variations of different districts of Barisal region

15. Results and Observation : Key findings
Hatchery
Good quality brood and specialized and modern technologies for hatchery management can be improved sustained quality fish spawn, income and employment opportunities in fish seed production industries.
Household aquaculture
Specialize and modern technologies of household aquaculture can be augment of fish production, create employments of both men and women, improve income and livelihoods.
Commercial aquaculture
Specialize and modern technologies of commercial aquaculture can be enhanced fish production, create employments of both men and women, improve income and livelihoods.
So, It can be concluded that the implementation of USAID-AIN project specialized and modern technologies of aquaculture viz., improve and quality fish/ prawn seed production; household and commercial pond aquaculture; cage aquaculture practices and pond-dike cropping are recognized as one of the important sources of income, subsistence and nutrition for vulnerable southern region communities.
Fig. 16: Showing BCR of AQ value chain actors
Fig. 16: Showing BCR of AQ value chain actors

16. Results and Observation : Key findings
Challenges of Aquaculture in disaster prone southern region
Hatchery
Lack of quality brood fish and their sources
Hatchery owner have not enough knowledge how to improve quality brood and spawn
Lack of knowledge and practice of GMP and BMP to manage hatchery, brood and production of seed/ spawn
Lack of hatchery inputs and technician
Natural disasters and climate change problem
Household aquaculture
Lack of knowledge and practice of modern aquaculture technology
Scarcity of quality fingerling
Most of the ponds are shaded by trees
Lack of whole sell market
Commercial aquaculture
Lack of modern technology and their application
Lack of quality fingerling
Unaware about existing trees on pond embankment
Lack of whole sell market
Lack of loan
Natural disaster and climate change problem

17. Results and Observation : Key findings
Opportunities in aquaculture in disaster prone southern region
Every household possessed single to multiple ponds
Tidal water is available
Huge natural water bodies and diversity and richness of fish biodiversity
Aquaculture may be alternative livelihoods and recognized industry
Quality aquaculture inputs such as drying fish are available
Hatchery
Existing carp and tilapia hatchery can produced indigenous fishes such as Shing, Magur, Baim, Tangra and pabda
Tilapia hatchery will be established to adopted against adverse impact of climate chang
Household aquaculture
Practice of household aquaculture and dike cropping may improve income, subsistence and nutrition
Commercial aquaculture
Practice of commercial aquaculture and dike cropping may improve income, subsistence and nutrition
Opportunities in aquaculture in disaster prone southern region

18. Recommendations
Explore and adopt sustainable management and practice of aquaculture among aquaculture value chain actors
Brood bank, brood grow out farmer need to be established to make available quality broods
Introduced climate change time friendly aquaculture technology
Backyard hatchery need to be established to available fingerling in remote areas for community basis
Need to raise the awareness about devastating natural disaster and climate change destruction in terms of aquaculture
Whole sell market need to be established
Aquaculture and dike cropping need to be explored
Small indigenous species especially mola need to be explored in the aquaculture system
Explore and addopt

19. Acknowledgements USAID for providing fund
GoB and DoF for support and assistance
WorldFish Bangladesh for technical support
CODEC & SpeedTrust PNGO for implementing the program
USAID-AIN project supported hatcheries, Household & commercial farmers for their assistance
USAID-AIN project supported hat

20. Thanks