The Emergence of Gigabit Ethernet

The Emergence of Gigabit Ethernet
0822_04F7_c2 Cisco Systems Confidential 1

Cisco Systems Confidential
Nathan Walker Product Line Manager, WBU Vice Chairman—Gigabit Ethernet Alliance 0822_04F7_c2 Cisco Systems Confidential 2

Agenda The Changing LANscape What Is Gigabit Ethernet?
When Will Gigabit Ethernet Happen? Scaling Campus Networks

The Changing LANscape Applications Bandwidth demand
Network traffic patterns Network technology Protocols Problems to solve Network services

Applications Driving Network Growth
Requirements 500%–600% Internet/Intranet Class of service Predictable latency Higher bandwidth 300% Desktop Video, White Boarding 200%–300% Scientific, Engineering Publications, Medical Data Warehousing Network Backup Office Desktop High bandwidth Low latency Large files

Models for Bandwidth Growth
Applications Web-based Interactive Video Bandwidth Specifically, there are three performance models we will analyze: Uniprocessor, multiprocessor, and client-server. So let’s start with uniprocessor performance. Processors Users Uniprocessor Multiprocessor Client/Server User growth More power users Collaboration 0822_04F7_c2 Cisco Systems Confidential 6

Client/Server Bandwidth
Gbps Applications: 60%/year Clients/Server: 60%/year Combined: 250%/year 256 20K Users at 5 Mbps 64 Next, let’s correlate how this IO performance relates to actual applications and client server configurations. There is a big trend towards larger and larger servers because larger servers can support a larger number of users and therefore are easier to manage. To determine how many users a large server can support we need to divide the server bandwidth by the average client bandwidth. In this slide, we did this for web browser traffic. Today a typical intranet application today requires 1 Mbit per user. The fastest servers today can support about 5000 users. Going forward we see application demand doubling every 18 month. At the same time the desire will be to support the largest possible number of users per server. Large future servers will be capable of supporting to users. With the centralization of the servers, aggregate application traffic demand will grow proportionally to aggregate server bandwidth, or 250% per year. 10K Users at 2 Mbps 16 4 5K Users at 1 Mbps 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Bandwidth Summary Backbone bandwidth driven by large server performance: Uniprocessor Performance 60%/year 2X/1.5y Multiprocessor Sys. Perf. 60%/year 2X/1.5y Server Performance 250%/year 4X/1.5y In Summary: Both uniprocessor performance and multiprocessor size are growing 60% each per year, leading to server performance growth of 250% per year of factor of 4 every 18 month. We see applications bandwidth also growing 60% per year and the client /server ratio also increase by 60% / year which also results in a growth of 250% per year. We have heard from several of our large customers and they tell us they see their backbone traffic growing between 200% and 300% a year So the data is consistent: backbone traffic, based on technology advances and application demands, will grow about 250% per year of 4X every 18 month. Again, this is a very straightforward forecast. All we assumed was that technology availability will be the primary driving force, and that client server applications will take advantage of the technology that will be available. There is no question in my mind that this will happen. Thus we need to plan for a large amount of bandwidth growth. Larger servers are easier, trend is more users per server: Application Demand Growth 60%/year 2X/1.5y Clients per Server Growth 60%/year 2X/1.5y Server Demand Growth 250%/year 4X/1.5y

Intranet Backbone Bandwidth
Larger Enterprise 5 Mbps/client 20K employees 100 Gbps aggregate Gbps 256 In order to predict the backbone requirements for a specific enterprise we obviously must take the size of the enterprise into account as well as the average usage. This slide shows two predictions for the year 2000: one for a large, information-intensive company with 20K employees and a smaller company with 2000 employees. What we are predicating here is that in the year 2000 the large enterprise will need an aggregate backbone bandwidth of 100 Gigabits/second. The smaller enterprise will need a backbone of 10 Gigabits per second. This assumes 5 Mbps per user and centralized servers. I know this sounds large compared to numbers today. And it is because these numbers are for the year We are 3 years away from the year 2000 and given the 250% per year growth that is a factor of 16X larger of what you would expect today. If you divide the numbers above by 16 you get the bandwidth enterprises actually in use today. Keep in mind that what we are predicting here is the simple result of extrapolating predictable technology trends over the next 3 years. While exponential growth is astonishing, it is quite predictable in the area of computer technology. 64 Smaller Enterprise 5 Mbps/client 2K employees 10 Gbps aggregate 16 1 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Network Traffic— Changing the Rules
“The New 80–20 Rule” Server locations shifting Server bandwidth performance increase Latency reduction required Multimedia applications Multicast applications Switching everywhere! 80% Backbone 20% 20% 80% Workgroup

The Ethernet Case—Dominance
Why Ethernet dominance? Scalability 10/100/1000 Smooth migration Network reliability Network management tools and techniques Low cost All Other Ethernet Dominance Will Continue 1996 Shipments 1996 Installed Base Source: IDC 0822_04F7_c2 Cisco Systems Confidential 11

Network Interface Shipments
Millions Ethernet Token Ring FDDI ATM Source: IDC 5/96 0822_04F7_c2 Cisco Systems Confidential 12

Network Protocols— Changing the Rules
All Other IPX TCP/IP The protocol mix will shift New protocols “energize” packet networks RSVP, RTP, RTCP, PIM, IGMP, 802.1Q, 802.1p Throughput performance rising— network, servers, desktops Source: BRG 1996

Solving Network Problems
Protocol Problems Too Many Broadcasts Media Problems Too Many Collisions Transport Problems Not Enough Capacity

Emerging Network Services
Clients Networks Servers Scalability Security Reliability Connectivity/configuration Mobility Multimedia Quality of service

What Is Gigabit Ethernet?
Functional elements IEEE standard goals Physical distances/applications Topologies Gigabit Ethernet Alliance

Fast Ethernet Technology— Meeting the Current Need
No Change Applications Applications Management Management CSMA/CD MAC CSMA/CD MAC Customer Choice Customer Choice Thick Coax (10Base5) Thin Coax (10Base2) Four Pair UTP (100BaseT4) (Cat 3, 4, 5) Fiber (10BaseF) TP - (10BaseT) (Cat 3, 4, 5) Fiber (100BaseFX) 2 Pair UTP, STP (100BaseTX) (Cat 5)

Gigabit Technology— Meeting Tomorrow’s Needs
Fast Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet No Change Applications Applications Management No Change Management CSMA/CD MAC Compatible CSMA/CD MAC Customer Choice Customer Choice Four Pair UTP (100BaseT4) (Cat 3, 4, 5) Shielded Twisted Pr (1000BaseCX) Long WL Optics (1000BaseLX) Fiber (100BaseFX) 2 Pair UTP, STP (100BaseTX) (Cat 5) Short WL Optics (1000BaseSX) Twisted Pair (1000BaseT)

Gigabit Ethernet Functional Elements
“Ethernet” Upper Layers IEEE 802.3z Goals Media Access Control (MAC) Full Duplex and/or Half Duplex Use frame format Half and full duplex Use CSMA/CD Flow control Backward compatibility for installed media Logical “Media Independent Interface” GMII (optional) MAC 8B / 10B Encoding / Decoding Copper PHY Encoder / Decoder PHY LWL Fiber Optic Xcvr SWL Fiber Optic Xcvr STP Copper Xcvr Unshielded Twisted Pair Xcvr “MAC and PHY Standard” Single-Mode or Multimode Fiber Multimode Fiber Shielded Balanced Twisted Pair Unshielded Twisted Pair Simple Leverage existing technology

Gigabit Ethernet Physical Transmission Goals
TransceiverType Line Encoding/Decoding 8B/10B Advanced Coding STP Xcvr (150 ohm) 25 m N/A 4 Pr UTP Xcvr N/A 100 m 780 nm CD or VCSEL Laser 300 m (62.5u MM Fiber) 550 m (50u MM Fiber) N/A 1300 nm Laser 550 m (62.5u MM Fiber) 3 km (10u SM Fiber) N/A

Gigabit Ethernet over Fiber
Laser Fiber Type 62.5 um 50 um Single Mode 780 nm CD or VCSEL Laser Let me explain the physical media options for Gigabit Ethernet, since this can be confusing. On the fiber side, there are three different fibers and three different types of laser. The most common application inside a building will be short wave laser over multimode fiber. This will support distances of either 300 or 550 meters, depending on the type of fiber. The other important application is long-wave laser over single mode fiber. This will support distances up to 3km with standard lasers and up to 60 km with long reach lasers. 300 m 550 m N/A 1300 nm Laser Standard Reach 550 m 550 m 3 km 1300 nm Laser Long Reach N/A N/A 15-60 km

802.3z Standards Timetable ’95 ’96 ’97 ’98 Q1 ’98—Complete Standard
Nov. ’95—IEEE Commissions High-Speed Study Group Mid ’97—Start Working Group Ballot July ’96—IEEE 802.3z Gigabit Ethernet Task Force Created End ’96—Basic Concept Agreement

1000 Mbps MAC (Media Access Control)
Cabling Support 1000 Mbps MAC (Media Access Control) 802.3z CSMA/CD Ethernet GMII (AUI Equivalent) 1000BaseLX (1300 nm) MMF—550 m SMF—3 km 1000BaseSX (780–850 nm) MMF 300–550 m 1000BaseT Copper Cat 5 UTP 100 m 1000BaseCX Copper STP 25 m Note: Distances based on IEEE 802.3z draft

Topology Alternatives
Objective Topology Modes Media Connection Applications High throughput Long distance Switched Full duplex Half duplex Multimode Singlemode Copper Campus backbone Building backbone Wiring closet uplinks Servers Low cost Short distance Shared Half duplex Multimode Copper Servers Desktops (long-term)

1000BaseX Repeaters Only one repeater in a single collision domain Copper—initially 25m link goal, long term 100m link goal Fiber distance limited by timing Repeater DTE Model Copper Fiber DTE-DTE (No Repeater) 25m (100m*) 100m One Repeater 50m (200m*) 200m Note: * 100m on UTP with 802.3ab 0822_04F7_c2 Cisco Systems Confidential 25

Gigabit Ethernet—Shared Topology
25m Cu First 100m Cu Long-Term 100m Fiber Maximum 25m Cu First 100m Cu Long-Term 100m Fiber Maximum Repeater DTE DTE 50m First, 200m Long-Term Copper Maximum 200m Fiber Maximum

Gigabit Ethernet—Shared Topology (Copper and Fiber)
NIC 100m Fiber 25m Existing Network Copper Repeater Switch or Router 125m (200m with Fiber) (200m Long-Term with Copper) Note: 100m on UTP with 802.3ab

1000BaseX Switches Full duplex for maximum distance Switch
Half duplex possible for connections to repeaters DTE Switch Full-Duplex Model Copper Multimode Fiber Singlemode Fiber DTE-DTE (No Switch) 25m (100m*) 550m 3 km One Switch 50m (200m*) 1 km 6 km Note: * 100m on UTP with 802.3ab

Gigabit Ethernet—Switched Topology
25m Cu (First) 550m MM 3 km SM Maximum 25m Cu (First) 550m MM 3 km SM Maximum DTE DTE Switch 50m Cu (First), 200m Long-Term Maximum 1 km Multimode Maximum 6 km Singlemode Maximum

Gigabit Ethernet—Switched Topology
Switch or Router Full-Duplex 550 m Multimode Fiber 3 km Singlemode Fiber Switch Switch Copper Full-Duplex Multimode Fiber 25m 25m 25m 500m 500m 500m 100BT Switch 100BT Switch 100BT Switch NIC NIC NIC 100m UTP NIC NIC NIC NIC NIC NIC NIC NIC NIC Note: 100m on UTP with 802.3ab

Building Applications
Building backbone Gbps uplinks with fiber to the wiring closets Gbps switching with copper or short distance fiber in the building data center Routing and ATM to the wide area network 10 Mbps 10/100 Mbps 1 Gbps 10/100 Mbps WAN Switch ATM 0822_04F7_c2 Cisco Systems Confidential 31

Campus Applications Campus backbone Gbps links with fiber between buildings Gbps switching with copper or short distance fiber in the campus data center Routing and ATM to the wide area network Switch Switch Switch Campus Center 1 Gbps Switch Switch Central Switch ATM Switch Switch WAN 0822_04F7_c2 Cisco Systems Confidential 32

Switch/Hub Port Revenue
$ Million FDDI ATM Fast Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet Source: DataQuest 8/96

The Gigabit Ethernet Alliance
Formed May 1996 Cisco/Granite—founding members 115 members as of 4/1/97 Cross-industry membership Web site: 0822_04F7_c2 Cisco Systems Confidential 34

Gigabit Ethernet Alliance
115 Members across Multiple Industry Segments Networking Computer Semiconductor 3Com* Acacia Networks Accton Technology Allied Telesyn Intl. Alteon Networks Ancor Communications* Asante Bay Networks* Cabletron* CellSwitch Networks Cisco* Cray Communications A/S CrossComm Digi International D-Link Emulex Corporation* Essential Communications Extreme Networks* Fibronics Fore Systems GigaLabs Granite Systems* HP Networking Division* Hitachi Cable Hitachi Internetworking Ipsilon Networks* Kingston Technology LANart LANOPTICS Lucent Technologies* Macronix America Madge Networks* Mammoth Networks Myricom NBase Communications Neo Networks* NetStar* Network Peripherals ORNET Data Communication+ Packet Engines* Plaintree Systems* Prominet Corporation* Rapid City Communications* Shiva Spike Technologies SMC Sumitomo Electric UB Networks* UNI WideBand Corp* XaQti Xircom* XLNT Designs* Xylan ZNYX Corp. Adaptec Amdahl Corporation Apple Auspex Systems Compaq* Digital* HP* IBM* Siemens AG* Silicon Graphics Sun Microsystems* Alliance Semiconductor AMD Cypress Semiconductor Brooks Technical Group Fujitsu Microelectronic* GEC Plessey Semiconductors Integrated Circuit Systems* Intel* Level One Communications LSI Logic* MMC Networks MicroOptical Devices Motorola Semiconductor* National Semiconductor* NEC Electronics PMC-Sierra SEEQ Technology S-MOS Systems* Synergy Semiconductor Texas Instruments* Vitesse Semiconductor Corp VLSI Technology* * Indicates Steering committee member. All others are participating members 0822_04F7_c2 Cisco Systems Confidential 35

Gigabit Ethernet Alliance—Positioning
The Strategic Alternative for Campus LANs and Intranets Easy, straightforward migration without disruption Scalability to high performance Flexibility to handle new applications Low cost of ownership

Gigabit Ethernet Alliance High-Speed Networking Alternatives
Capabilities Gigabit Ethernet Fast Ethernet ATM FDDI IP Compatibility Yes Yes Requires RFC 1577 and IP over LANE Today, I-PNNI and/or MPOA in Future Yes Ethernet Packets Yes Yes Requires LANE 1.0 or Routing from Cells to Packets No Handle Multimedia Yes Yes Yes, but Applications Need to Change Yes Quality of Service Yes, with RSVP and 802.1Q/p Yes, with RSVP and 802.1Q/p Yes, with SVCs Yes, with RSVP and 802.1Q/p VLANs with 802.1Q Yes Yes Requires Mapping SVCs to 802.1Q/p Yes 0822_04F7_c2 Cisco Systems Confidential 37

Gigabit Ethernet Alliance Cost of Ownership Expectations
1996 Equipment Price $/Port 1998 Equipment Price $/Port Equipment Type Change % Technology Shared Fast Ethernet Hub $137 $102 –25% Switched Fast Ethernet Switch $785 $500 –36% Shared FDDI Concentrator $835 $680 –19% Switched FDDI Switch $4000 $3200 –20% ATM 622 Mbps (Multimode Fiber) Switch $6600 $4200 –36% Shared Gigabit Ethernet Estimate Based on IEEE Goal (Multimode Fiber) Hub N.A. $920 to $1400 ** (2x to 3x Fast Ethernet MM) Switched Gigabit E-net Estimate Based on IEEE Goal (Multimode Fiber) Switch N.A. $1850 to $2800 ** (2x to 3x Fast Ethernet MM) Source: Dell’Oro Group and **Estimates based on Dell’Oro Group info and IEEE goals 0822_04F7_c2 Cisco Systems Confidential 38

Gigabit Ethernet Alliance Cost of Ownership Expectations
Low equipment cost Low cost for incremental training Leverage installed base of: Applications Protocols NOS Desktop connections (NICs and drivers) Installed fiber cabling Network management objects

When Will Gigabit Ethernet Happen?
Standards timing Technology availability Pre-standard product timing Interoperability Production product timing

Gigabit Ethernet Timing
Pre-Standard Products Interop Testing Production Products ’95 ’96 ’97 ’98 1Q ’98—Complete Standard Nov. ’95—IEEE Commissions High-Speed Study Group Mid ’97—Start Working Group Ballot July ’96—IEEE 802.3z Gigabit Ethernet Task Force Created End ’96—Basic Concept Agreement

Enterprise Customer Views
“Gigabit Ethernet shows promise” Discussions from July 1996 to present “A solution focus is needed” Migration critical to successful deployment Require more than “Gigabit Ethernet” Gigabit Networking solutions required Lots of product elements/functions needed

Key Customer Issues—Gigabit Ethernet
Basic Requirements Advanced Requirements Multiprotocol Support Network Services Easy Migration Steps Mature Gigabit L3 Switching High System Availability High Server Throughput Redundancy Accelerate IP and IPX Performance Minimize Cable Plant Changes Backbone MTU Size Flexibility “Rock Solid” Standards Mature Gigabit L2 Switching 0822_04F7_c2 Cisco Systems Confidential 43

Deployment—User Views
Service Policy Mgt. Network “Centric” Mgt. Device “Centric”Management Production Deployment Pilot Production Confidence Technology Evaluation Demonstrated Interoperability Time

Scaling Campus Networks
Campus scaling requirements Ethernet migration paths Ethernet vs. ATM for the campus Key Challenges Solutions for scaling performance Summary of Cisco’s position

Campus Scaling Requirements
Bandwidth performance/latency reduction Installed equipment compatibility Desktop/server/network Installed LAN protocol compatibility QOS or “class of service” vs. lots of bandwidth WAN compatibility Service integration Product availability

Number of Users Per Segment
Bandwidth Scaling Gigabit Ethernet (Switched) Mbps ATM OC-12 (Switched) ATM OC-3 (Switched) Fast Ethernet (Switched) FDDI (Shared) Token Ring (Shared) Ethernet (Shared) 2 14 Number of Users Per Segment

Ethernet Migration Paths
Switched Fast Ethernet Switched Gigabit Ethernet Switched Ethernet Shared Ethernet Shared Fast Ethernet Shared Gigabit Ethernet Migration Path—Increasing Speed 10 Mbps Mbps Mbps 0822_04F7_c2 Cisco Systems Confidential 48

Scaling—Fast Ethernet
Building Backbone “Fast Ethernet between Floors and in the Building Data Center” Campus Backbone “Fast Ethernet between Buildings and in the Central Data Center” Central Switch 100 Mbps ATM 10 Mbps 10/100 Mbps Fast Ethernet 100 Mbps 10/100 Mbps WAN ATM

Cisco Fast EtherChannel
Problem: The deployment of dedicated 10/100 connectivity requires higher-speed uplink bandwidth Switch to Switch Switch to Server Switch to Router Router to Server Solution: Fast EtherChannel Scalable bandwidth up to 800 Mb True load balancing across links Scalable to Gigabit EtherChannel 400 Mb 600 Mb 800 Mb Fast EtherChannel Speed Note: Full duplex BW

Scaling–Before Gigabit Ethernet
Data Center Data Center 300 Mbps 300 Mbps 400 Mbps Fast Ethernet Fast EtherChannel 200 Mbps 300 Mbps 100 Mbps 100 Mbps 200 Mbps Wiring Closets Wiring Closets Scaleable Bandwidth Gigabit Ready Ethernet/ Fast Ethernet Fast EtherChannel 10–100 Mbps 100–400 Mbps 0822_04F7_c2 Cisco Systems Confidential 51

Scaling—Fast EtherChannel
Building Backbone “Fast EtherChannel between Floors and in the Building Data Center” Campus Backbone “Fast EtherChannel between Buildings and in the Central Data Center” Central Switch Up to 800 Mbps ATM 10 Mbps Fast EtherChannel Up to 800 Mbps 10/100 Mbps 10/100 Mbps WAN ATM

Multivendor Interoperability
Enterprise Servers Fast EtherChannel Implementation Catalyst 5000 Switches Network Interface Cards Cisco 7500 Routers

Scaling – With Gigabit Ethernet
Fast EtherChannel and Gigabit Ethernet Data Center Data Center 1 Gbps 1 Gbps 2 Gbps Fast EtherChannel Gigabit Ethernet 300 Mbps 2 Gbps 200 Mbps 200 Mbps 400 Mbps Wiring Closets Wiring Closets Scaleable Bandwidth Ethernet/ Fast Ethernet Fast EtherChannel Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit EtherChannel 10–100 Mbps 100–400 Mbps 1 Gbps Multigigabit 0822_04F7_c2 Cisco Systems Confidential 54

Cisco Ethernet Migration Paths
Fast EtherChannel technology Gigabit EtherChannel Switched Gigabit Ethernet Fast EtherChannel Switched Fast Ethernet Switched Ethernet 20 Mbps 200 Mbps 800 Mbps 2000 Mbps 8000 Mbps Increasing Speed at Full Duplex 0822_04F7_c2 Cisco Systems Confidential 55

User Benefits of Ethernet Migration
10/100/1000 Mbps—Fast EtherChannel Preservation of installed: User applications Network equipment Network operating systems Network management objects Minimal learning curve for network administrators Variety of products: Switches, router interfaces, repeaters, NICs

Network Simplicity— Changing the Rules
Compatibility Installed End Station LAN Protocols Scalability Class of Service WAN Ethernet Packets Yes Yes Yes Emerging Emerging ATM Cells With LANE and MPOA With LANE and MPOA Yes Yes Yes Ethernet dominates desktops/servers Ethernet scalability improves with Gigabit Ethernet Protocols are emerging to enhance Ethernet class of service ATM LANE enables connection of existing desktops/servers MPOA will provide the multiprotocol connection for ATM 0822_04F7_c2 Cisco Systems Confidential 57

Migration Path—Increasing Speed
ATM Migration Paths 6X 4X 4X 25 Mbps 155 Mbps 622 Mbps 2400 Mbps 100 Mbps Migration Path—Increasing Speed

Scaling the Campus—ATM
Building Backbone “155 or 622 Mbps between Floors and in the Building Data Center” Campus Backbone “155 or 622 Mbps between Buildings and in the Central Data Center” WAN 10/100 Mbps ATM 10 Mbps 155 or 622 Mbps Central Switch 155 or 622 Mbps

ATM—Service Integration
Data, Video, Voice Workgroup ATM LightStreamฎ 1010 Campus/MAN ATM StrataComฎ IGX Multiservice WAN ATM Telco/ISP: StrataCom BPX/AXIS

Network Design Considerations
Requirement ATM 10/100, GE Desktop/Closet Some 25 or 155 ATM Best for Cost Riser/Data Center Multiple OC-3 Network-wide Load Sharing Fast EtherChannel Point-to-Point Load Sharing Quality of Service Many QOS Flows Class of Service Backbone Availability Traffic Engineering Scalable Routing Spanning Tree, Bridging, Routing Voice/Video Circuits Integrated with Data Circuit Emulation IP-Based 0822_04F7_c2 Cisco Systems Confidential 61

Scaling—Gigabit Ethernet
Improve Performance—Layer 2 Router Backbone “Gbps between Routers” Router Front End “Aggregate Traffic, Offload Switching from the Router” GB SW GB SW GB SW GB SW 1 Gbps 100 Mbps

Scaling—Gigabit Ethernet
Improve Performance—Distributed Layer 3 Building Backbone “Gbps between Floors and in the Building Data Center” Campus Backbone “Gbps between Buildings and in the Central Data Center” WAN 10/100 Mbps 10 Mbps 1 Gbps Central Switch 1 Gbps ATM ATM

Gigabit Networking Challenges
System bandwidth Multigigabit throughput is the issue Gigabit uplinks are easy Layer 3 forwarding and routing Gigabit throughput—multiprotocol Integration with installed base Application of network services Management and monitoring Smooth migration

Gigabit Ethernet Market Opportunity
Success factors Time to market Price/port Generational approach Performance Feature set $2899M $3,000 $2150M $2,500 Market Size ($MM) $2,000 $1,500 $1,000 $543M $500 $73M $0 1997 1998 1999 2000 Calendar Year Source: Dataquest, Inc.

Multilayer Switch Evolution Path
Catalyst 50–100 Gbps Catalyst Switching Capacity 20–40 Gbps Catalyst 5500 3.6–12 Gbps Catalyst 5000 Standalone and Integrated Gbit Switches 1.2–3.6 Gbps Today Growth = 4X/1.5 years (250% per year) 0822_04F7_c2 Cisco Systems Confidential 66

Multilayer Switch Functions
Routing RIP, IGRP, OSPF, PIM Policy-based routing QOS/multicast Priority queuing PIM, IGMP, CGMP DVMRP interoperability Flow switching RSVP flow reservation Security Access lists Lock and key Traffic management Class-based queuing RED, WRED Congestion control Network management SNMP, RMON NetFlow monitor Here is the short list of our Multilayer switch functionality: All standard routing protocols, including policy based routing. Extensive support for Multimedia, including RSVP resource reservation, priority queuing, and high-speed Multicast. All the security features you are using today, including full access lists and lock and key. Traffic Management, including class based queuing, RED, and flow based congestion control. And finally, the most extensive network management capability in the industry, including full NetFlow monitoring. This is what we believe is the best solution to run your enterprise network. This is what you are using today, and this is what we will provide on our Multilayer switches.

Convergence of Technology
Layer 3 routing Reliable redundant paths Access lists Resource reservations NetFlow L3 switching NetFlow services NetFlow management The reality is that these requirements are the convergence of all the technologies that Cisco has been developing over the last ten years. We will bring these together as follows: At the highest level there is IOS, providing layer 3 routing, redundancy, access lists, and resource reservations and all other function of current routers. The second layer is NetFlow switching. This is a technology we have announced last spring and is shipping today on our highend routers. NetFlow switching will be tightly coupled to our underlaying switch fabric. Finally, underneath all this is our Multigigabit wirespeed switch fabric, which in hardware implements fast forwarding as well as congestion control, quality of service, and wirespeed Multicasts. Put all this together and that is what we call a Multilayer, Multigigabit, Intranet switch. NetFlow Switching Multilayer, Multigigabit Intranet Switching Multi-Gbps switch fabric Congestion control Quality of service Wire speed multicast

Scaling the Intranet CiscoFusion “A Solutions Focus”
CWSI Management Tools Network Management Visibility and Control Cisco IOS Network Services Application Integrity Network Services Catalyst 5000 Family Performance = Bandwidth + Scalability Network Infrastructure Architecture Benefits

Scaling the Infrastructure
Requirement Solution Benefit Faster Media/Devices (Fast EtherChannel, Gigabit EtherChannel , ATM , VLANs) Bandwidth Gbps End-to-End Network Performance Scalability Layer 2–3 Forwarding NetFlow Switching Tag Switching Performance = Bandwidth + Scalability

Scaling the Intranet/Internet
Wiring Closet Campus—Intranet NetFlow Switching Enterprise Data Center Routed Backbone Internet Tag Switching WAN/VPN Internet 0822_04F7_c2 Cisco Systems Confidential 71

Extending NetFlow Switching
Multilayer Switching Link-layer (Layer 2) switching Congestion control High performance Bandwidth to the desktop Plus Network-layer (Layer 3) switching Per-flow basis Performance Control Scalability Physical Layer, Shared Media L1 Link Layer, Switching L2 Multilayer Switching and Network Services L3 Wiring Closet Data Center 0822_04F7_c2 Cisco Systems Confidential 72

NetFlow Switching Layer 3 Cut-Through Multiprotocol support
Cisco 7500 Multiprotocol support Flow oriented switching Frame or cell based Learn once—switch many times Network services applied on per-flow basis Catalyst 5000 Catalyst 5000

NetFlow Switching Overview
Route Table Access List Queuing Priority Accounting Data First Packet Switching Task Security Task Queuing Task Accounting Task Flow Specifications NetFlow Cache Subsequent Packets NetFlow Statistics NetFlow Data Export NetFlow Switching Task

NetFlow Switching Operation
First Packet Routed between VLANs by Router Switch Learns Flow Is Valid All Subsequent Packets Switched by NetFlow Switch Resultant Direct Cut-Through between Red and Blue Inter-VLAN Router I can use this cut-through for red to blue NetFlow Switching 0822_04F7_2 Cisco Systems Confidential 75

NetFlow Switching Implementation
NetFlow Switching Feature Card on Supervisor Engine ATM Backbone Modules with MPOA Delivers NetFlow Switching over ATM Route/Switch Module (RSM)

Layer 3 Switching Approaches
NetFlow Switching Cabletron SFVN 3Com Fast IP Bay IP Autolearn Ipsilon IP Switching Requirement No VLSP 4 No Uses dNHRP No Uses IFMP Standards-Based 4 (ARP Proxy) Multiprotocol Support 4 No No No No No Coexistence VLAN Aware 4 4 4 4 Limit to 20 Switches Layer 2 Switch Path Only Processor- Based Limited by # of VCs Scalability 4 Seamless Migration 3Com Adapters Required New Chassis. No Network Redundancy Routed Backbone Only End Station Changes 4 Cells and Frame Based ATM Only 4 Frame Only 4 Ethernet Only Layer 4 Security 4 No No No 4 0822_04F7_c2 77

Cisco IOS Network Services
End-to-End Application Integrity Clients Networks Servers This slide shows the network services that integrated the end-to-end solution from Cisco… you’ve already heard about: CONNECTIVITY SERVICES Range of media options—Gigabit Ready Bandwidth aggregation—Fast EtherChannel Speed from 10 Mbps to Multigigabit SCALABILITY SERVICES NetFlow Switching SCALES IOS network Services and Routing Cisco IOS network services also include some additional components that are important Assuring that intranet applications can be effectively deployed Each of these are integrated across Cisco’s switching and routing platforms today Security Reliability Mobility Multimedia/Multicast Quality of Service Foundation Services Connectivity Services Mobility Services Enabling Services Security Services Scalability Services Quality of Service Multimedia Services Reliability Services Management Services

Visibility and Control
Intranet Management Requirement Solution Benefit Infrastructure Management Device—Link—Campus Management Tools End-to-End Visibility and Control Policy Management of Network Services Network Services Management

Customer Issues—Gigabit Networks
Basic Requirements Advanced Requirements Multiprotocol Support Network Services Easy Migration Steps Mature Gigabit L3 Switching High System Availability High Server Throughput Redundancy Accelerate IP and IPX Performance Minimize Cable Plant Changes Backbone MTU Size Flexibility “Rock Solid” Standards Mature Gigabit L2 Switching 0822_04F7_c2 Cisco Systems Confidential 80

Campus Network Compatibility
Installed End Station LAN Protocols Class of Service Scalability WAN Ethernet Packets Yes All Major Platforms Yes IP, IPX, DECnet, AppleTalk, VINES, etc. Yes 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, 1000 Mbps, and Higher! Yes RSVP, RTP, RTCP, PIM, IGMP, 802.1Q/p Packets over SONET or Requires Routing at WAN interface ATM Cells Requires NIC and Driver. New API and Application or IP over ATM, MPOA or LANE on NIC Requires Change to NIC Driver, API and Application or IP over ATM, LANE or MPOA on NIC Yes 25 Mbps, 155 Mbps, 622 Mbps, 2400 Mbps, and Higher! Yes QOS Defined by SVC, PVC and ATM Cell Header Yes Some 45 Mbps, 155 Mbps Services Now

Enterprise Network Media Roadmap
Legacy 1997 Future Desktop Connection 10BaseT Token Ring 10BaseT Token Ring 10/100 Ethernet Token Ring Server Connection Multiple Ethernet FDDI 100BaseT Token Ring FDDI ATM 100BaseT Gigabit Ethernet ATM Building Riser Ethernet Token Ring FDDI 100BaseT/F FDDI ATM 100BaseT ATM Gigabit Ethernet Campus Backbone Ethernet Token Ring FDDI ATM Gigabit Ethernet 100BaseF FDDI ATM

Gigabit Ethernet vs. ATM
Key Features Gigabit Ethernet ATM Bandwidth Low Cost Moderate Cost Quality of Service Class of Service with 802.1Q, RSVP Guaranteed Quality of Service Service Integration High-Speed Data, Potential for Voice/Video over IP Data, Video, Voice Applications Building Backbone/Riser Campus Backbone Servers WAN Building Backbone/Riser Campus Backbone Servers Product Availability 1998 Shipping Now 0822_04F7_c2 Cisco Systems Confidential 83

LAN Switching and ATM Switching
Cisco IOS Services Building Backbone Campus Backbone Wiring Closet Campus/WAN Scalability 100M LAN Switching 1 Gigabit LAN Switching 10/100 LAN Switching ATM ATM Price/Performance Ratio 0822_04F7_c2 Cisco Systems Confidential 84

Summary—CiscoFusion Gigabit Networking requires new solutions: Today:
More than Gigabit Ethernet—Layer 3 and services too! Variety of technologies are and will be deployed Cisco’s leading solutions scale to gigabit speeds… and beyond Today: Fast Ethernet products shipping in volume ATM products shipping in volume Gigabit Ethernet products in development Cisco—Leading “Frame” and “Cell”-based solutions Cisco—Leading Layer 3 solutions

The Emergence of Gigabit Ethernet

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