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Figure 1. Study population and PCR results

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1 Figure 1. Study population and PCR results
Figure 1. Study population and PCR results. Abbreviations: PCR, polymerase chain reaction; RDT, rapid diagnostic test. From: Pfhrp2-Deleted Plasmodium falciparum Parasites in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A National Cross-sectional Survey J Infect Dis. 2016;216(1): doi: /infdis/jiw538 J Infect Dis | © The Author Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions,

2 Figure 2. Distribution of pfhrp2-deleted P. falciparum parasites.
From: Pfhrp2-Deleted Plasmodium falciparum Parasites in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A National Cross-sectional Survey J Infect Dis. 2016;216(1): doi: /infdis/jiw538 J Infect Dis | © The Author Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions,

3 Figure 3. Flanking microsatellites
Figure 3. Flanking microsatellites. Analyses revealed frequent failure to amplify flanking microsatellite loci downstream from the pfhrp2 gene and reduced expected heterozygosity at a single locus in pfhrp2-deleted parasites overall (panel A) and by province (panel B). From: Pfhrp2-Deleted Plasmodium falciparum Parasites in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A National Cross-sectional Survey J Infect Dis. 2016;216(1): doi: /infdis/jiw538 J Infect Dis | © The Author Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions,

4 Figure 4. Neighbor joining tree
Figure 4. Neighbor joining tree. Unrooted neighbor joining tree depicting the relationship between dominant haplotypes of pfhrp2-deleted P. falciparum isolates (yellow) and HRP2-positive controls (gray). Shapes indicate the geographical origin of each isolate: Kinshasa (circle), North Kivu (triangle), or South Kivu (diamond). From: Pfhrp2-Deleted Plasmodium falciparum Parasites in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A National Cross-sectional Survey J Infect Dis. 2016;216(1): doi: /infdis/jiw538 J Infect Dis | © The Author Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions,

5 Figure 5. Permutation testing for G<sub>ST</sub>
Figure 5. Permutation testing for G<sub>ST</sub>. Value of observed G<sub>ST</sub> between pfhrp2-deleted and HRP2-positive control P. falciparum populations (black arrow) compared with the distribution of G<sub>ST</sub> obtained from 99,999 permutations of population labels. Analysis was carried out for all sites (A), as well as Kinshasa only (B) and Kivu only (North and South combined) (C). From: Pfhrp2-Deleted Plasmodium falciparum Parasites in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A National Cross-sectional Survey J Infect Dis. 2016;216(1): doi: /infdis/jiw538 J Infect Dis | © The Author Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions,

6 Figure 6. Relationship between pfhrp2-deleted mutants and overall P
Figure 6. Relationship between pfhrp2-deleted mutants and overall P. falciparum prevalence. (A) Scatterplot by province comparing the proportion of P. falciparum infections due to pfhrp2-deleted mutants and overall P. falciparum prevalence. Colors correspond to Kinshasa (blue), North Kivu (red), South Kivu (green), and other (gray) Provinces. (B) Modeling results showing the predicted decrease in probability of infection with the pfhrp2-deleted strain only, as a function of prevalence in 0–5 year olds. The underlying strain frequency is held at a constant frequency in this example. Results are shown for a simple model assuming homogeneous force of infection throughout the population, and a more complex model allowing for variation in biting rate between individuals (see Supplementary Material). From: Pfhrp2-Deleted Plasmodium falciparum Parasites in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A National Cross-sectional Survey J Infect Dis. 2016;216(1): doi: /infdis/jiw538 J Infect Dis | © The Author Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions,


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