1. Photosynthesis
Chapter 8

2. KEY CONCEPT All cells need chemical energy.

3. The chemical energy used for most cell processes is carried by ATP.
Molecules in food store chemical energy in their bonds.
Starch molecule
Glucose molecule

4. ATP transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell functions.
Energy is released when a phosphate group is removed.
ADP is changed into ATP when a phosphate group is added.
phosphate removed

5. Organisms break down carbon-based molecules to produce ATP.
Carbohydrates are the molecules most commonly broken down to make ATP.
not stored in large amounts
up to 36 ATP from one glucose molecule
triphosphate
adenosine
diphosphate
tri=3
di=2

6. Fats store the most energy.
80 percent of the energy in your body
about 146 ATP from a triglyceride
Proteins are least likely to be broken down to make ATP.
amino acids not usually needed for energy
about the same amount of energy as a carbohydrate

7. A few types of organisms do not need sunlight and photosynthesis as a source of energy.
Some organisms live in places that never get sunlight.
In chemosynthesis, chemical energy is used to build carbon-based molecules.
similar to photosynthesis
uses chemical energy instead of light energy

8. KEY CONCEPT Photosynthesis requires a series of chemical reactions.

9. What part of the plant absorb light?

12. Stomata

13. Photosynthesis occurs
in the chloroplasts of
plants

14. http://assets. inhabitat. com/wp-content/blogs

15. Light absorbing compound is a pigment—pigments absorb some wavelengths of light and reflect others—the color our eyes see is the color that the pigment reflects

16. Chlorophyll is the pigment inside the chloroplast the absorbs light for photosynthesis
As the chlorophyll in leaves decays in the autumn, the green color fades and is replaced by the oranges and reds of carotenoids.

18. General formula for photosynthesis:
6CO H2O + light C6H12O O2

19. The first stage of photosynthesis captures and transfers energy.
The light-dependent reactions include groups of molecules called photosystems.

20. chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight
Photosystem II captures and transfers energy.
chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight
energized electrons enter electron transport chain
water molecules are split
oxygen is released as waste
hydrogen ions are transported across thylakoid membrane

21. chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight
Photosystem I captures energy and produces energy-carrying molecules.
chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight
energized electrons are used to make NADPH
NADPH is transferred to light-independent reactions

22. hydrogen ions flow through a channel in the thylakoid membrane
The light-dependent reactions produce ATP.
hydrogen ions flow through a channel in the thylakoid membrane
ATP synthase attached to the channel makes ATP

24. The second stage of photosynthesis uses energy from the first stage to make sugars.
Light-independent reactions occur in the stroma and use CO2 molecules.