1. Effort Reporting Basics
Texas Tech University
Effort Reporting Basics

2. Effort Defined
Effort is the portion of time spent on a given professional activity and expressed as a percentage of the total professional activity for which an individual is employed by TTU.
Important points:
The government recognizes that it is a “reasonable estimate”
Must be performed with “suitable means of verification”
Total effort must equal 100%
Effort is not based on a standard (e.g., 40-hour) work week, instead it is based on whatever time is worked
“100% Effort” considers all professional activities related to the individual’s TTU appointment (teaching, research, service)
Effort does not include outside activities (e.g., external consulting)

3. Institutional Base Salary (IBS)
Definition
Institutional base salary (IBS) is the annual compensation paid by the University for all professional responsibilities of the position, including research, instruction, administration, service, or other institutional activities.
IBS is the annual salary of the employee’s base appointment, plus any additional supplements for recurring, long-term activities (e.g., department chair).
IBS excludes fringe benefits, reimbursed expenses, and supplemental compensation for additional work.
IBS cannot be increased as a result of replacing institutional salary funds with sponsored project funds.
IBS and Effort
IBS should be used when proposing, charging, and cost sharing salaries to sponsored projects.

4. Intra-University Consulting
Since intra-University consulting is assumed to be undertaken as a university obligation requiring no compensation in addition to full time base salary, the principle also applies to faculty members who function as consultants or otherwise contribute to a sponsored agreement conducted by another faculty member of the same institution.
Regulations & Institutional Policy
Federal Register 2 CFR Part Section h.3, sets forth limited circumstances in which extra compensation above the base salary are allowable
Work must be across departmental lines or pertain to a separate or remote operation
Work must be in addition to regular departmental load
Arrangement must be approved in writing by the sponsor
Texas Tech University Operating Policy 70.16, Compensation in Excess of Base Salary, extends Federal requirements to State and private sponsored projects. Additionally, institutional policy limits the amount of additional pay to an amount that is commensurate with the employee’s IBS.
Intra-University Consulting and Effort
Additional compensation paid in accordance with Federal Register 2 CFR Part Section h.3 is excluded from IBS and effort certification requirements.

5. Role of the Principal Investigator (PI)
The Principal Investigator is the steward of the sponsored project and accompanying funds.
The University is legally responsible to the sponsor, but the PI is held accountable for the proper fiscal management and conduct of the project. PI responsibilities include:
Scientific performance of the work related to the project.
Management of the project within funding limitations and in compliance with Federal regulations, sponsor requirements, and institutional policy. This includes effort certification for all personnel on the project.
Sponsor notification when significant conditions related to the project change.
Responsibility for the day-to-day management of project finances may be delegated to administrative or other staff. However, accountability for compliance with Federal regulations, sponsor requirements, and institutional policy, ultimately rests with the PI.

6. Effort Certification Effort Certification is a Federal requirement.
Federal Register 2 CFR Part 200 Section i.8, Standards for Documentation of Personnel Expenses, states that the Federal government may require personnel activity reports where records do not meet standards.
Personnel is typically the most significant direct cost component of sponsored project costs and as such, is a focus of Federal auditors.
Effort certification is an Institutional requirement.
University OP 65.02: Effort Commitment and Certification, requires all employees who receive salary support from sponsored projects (federal, state, or private), or who expend committed effort on a sponsored project without receiving salary support from the sponsor, must certify effort.
Effort certification documents that salary charged to a project is consistent with the level of effort provided during a specific time period.
Effort certification is the primary means of verifying that:
Effort supported and charged to the project has been performed as committed, and
Effort expended in support of a project but not paid by the project (cost sharing) has been performed as committed.

7. Effort Certification
Effort reports may pre-populate total percentages of payroll distributions to be used as a starting point, since it is often assumed that payroll distribution is monitored and revised based on effort expended.
However, these percentages may need to be revised during certification based on actual expended effort.
This after-the-fact confirmation is necessary for compliant effort reporting

8. Reasonable Estimate
Sponsors recognize that the activities that constitute effort are often difficult to separate. Effort certification must often rely on a reasonable estimate of effort, and when estimating, a degree of tolerance is appropriate.
Examples:
It would be reasonable for a faculty member who was awarded and expended 40% effort on a grant to sign an effort report stating 39% payroll support for that grant.
It would not be reasonable for a faculty member who teaches two classes to certify that she worked 95% on sponsored projects.

9. Suitable Means of Verification
Federal regulations require certification to be made by someone with “suitable means of verification.”
Who is a suitable means of verification?
The employee, PI, or other responsible official
Certification should NOT be performed by the departmental effort coordinator, business manager, or other administrative support personnel.
What are suitable means of verification?
The individual should have some documentation of how the time was spent that is certified.
Documentation could be in the form of an , calendar, project reports, etc.

10. The Context of Effort Reporting
Effort Reporting encompasses more than just certifying effort
Appointing
Faculty & Staff
Preparing
the Proposal
Budget
Charging
Salary
Certifying
Effort
Employment terms are established.
Effort is proposed; a commitment is made to the sponsor.
Salary is charged (or cost shared), consistent with activity. Adjustments may be made, timely after-the-fact.
Effort is attested to, after activity has occurred (adjustments to salary distribution may be made if effort < salary%).

11. Key Effort Reporting Concepts
Important concepts to consider with respect to effort reporting include:
Who must complete an effort report?
Who should sign effort reports?
Cost sharing
Summer salaries
Labor Redistributions

12. Who is Required to Certify?
All individuals paid from a sponsored project are required to complete an effort report, per federal regulations
Effort reports should be certified by:
An employee, principal investigator or other responsible official with first- hand knowledge of all of an employee’s effort, or
An individual who used suitable means of verifying that the work was performed.
TTU effort reports will be certified as follows:
All PI’s and faculty will self-certify.
PI’s will certify for all non-faculty paid from their projects.

13. Cost Share and Salary Caps
Cost Sharing Definition: A commitment of TTU resources or funding that supports externally sponsored projects.
Voluntary Uncommitted cost sharing occurs when effort exceeds the payroll charged to a particular project. This type of cost share is neither pledged in the proposal nor stated in the award documents.
Example - A PI is paid 50% from the sponsored project, 50% from University funds and certifies to 80% effort on the project and 20% effort on the non-sponsored funds.
These costs are not reimbursed by the sponsor (will not be charged to the sponsored project) and therefore must be supported by TTU funds.
Cost shared effort should be included in the effort report
Mandatory cost sharing
Required by sponsor, quantified in proposal
Voluntary cost sharing
Not formally required by sponsor, but becomes mandatory when included in the proposal and the proposal is accepted

14. Summer Salary
A faculty member’s summer salary rate cannot exceed the base salary divided by the period to which the base salary relates (e.g., monthly rate for summer salary = no more than 1/9 of academic year salary)
Charges for summer sponsored research activities must be consistent with the level of effort provided during that time period.
It is not compliant with federal regulations or institutional policy for an individual who is absent from research for a substantial period of the summer session to charge three full months of summer salary to sponsored research and report 100% research activity on effort reports.
It is not compliant with federal regulations or institutional policy for an individual to do any other work besides that on the sponsored award, if the full (three summer months’) salary is being charged to the sponsored award for that period of time
Individuals should not be preparing teaching materials, writing proposals, working on other research projects, or performing any administrative tasks over this time period.

15. Labor Redistributions
The differences between certified effort % and % of salary charged may require a resulting labor redistribution.
It is important that the salary charged to a sponsored project not exceed the effort spent on the project. If the salary charged is greater than the effort expended, a labor redistribution should be done to remove salary charged to the sponsored project.
Once effort has been certified, subsequent labor redistributions to move salary charges on or off of sponsored project funds will be closely scrutinized and must be accompanied by a Recertification Request Form.
Labor Redistributions which will require the Recertification Request Form must be submitted by the Effort Coordinator and will require PI approval.
Labor redistributions represent cost transfers to, from, and/or among grants. As such, the timeliness of the transfers must comply with TTU OP 65.04, Cost Transfers. Any transfers of labor costs TO sponsored projects after 90 days will be closely scrutinized and will require justification.

16. Penalties for False Certification
False Claims Act
Those who knowingly submit, or cause another person or entity to submit, false claims for payment of government funds are liable for three times the government’s damages plus civil penalties of $5,500 to $11,000 per false claim.

17. Certification Timeline
Effort must be certified on a semi-annual basis within 45 days of when the statement becomes available.
Example of certification windows:
Period of Performance
Certification Window
Jan 1- June 30
July 16 – August 29
July 1 – December 31
January 16 – March 1
If effort is not certified within 60 days of when the statement becomes available, the Vice President for Research and the Provost will be notified and further action may be taken (examples of disciplinary action continued on next page).

18. Consequences for Non-Compliance
To protect the interests of the University and ensure compliance with Federal regulations, the following escalation procedures will be followed:
30 after the statement becomes available, the Department Chair will be notified
45 days after the statement becomes available, the College Dean will be notified
60 days after the statement becomes available, the Vice President for Research and the Provost will be notified
Possible consequences of non-compliance after the 60 day period include:
ORS will not submit proposals or execute award agreement on behalf of the faculty member
Accounting Services will deactivate current sponsored project funds
Further disciplinary actions in accordance with University policy

19. Points of Contact
All questions related to appointments, accounts, percentages, amounts and/or the eCRT system should be directed to your departmental Effort Coordinator.
For additional assistance, you may contact the Accounting Services(AS).
Brad Sims, Compliance Coordinator, (806) or at