ELC 200 Day 19.

ELC 200 Day 19

Agenda Questions? Assignment 6 is due Assignment 7 is posted assignment#7.pdf Due November 9:30 No Class on November 14, I have a Doctor's appointment in Boston Quiz 3 is on Dec 1 Today we finish discussion on web Server Hardware and Software and beginning discussion on Electronic Commerce Software © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Web Server Hardware and Software
CHAPTER 8 Web Server Hardware and Software © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. . 3

Learning Objectives In this chapter, you will learn:
How a Web server performs its basic functions What operating system and server software is used on Web servers How to identify and manage and spam control issues How commonly used Internet and Web site utility programs work What hardware online businesses use to power their Web sites How cloud computing and content delivery networks are providing new Web infrastructure © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. 4 4

Legal Solutions January 2004: U.S. CAN-SPAM law went into effect
Spam decreased first two months, but returned to previous levels after no threat of federal prosecution Prohibits misleading message address header information, deceptive subject headers and transfer of addresses Some spammers have been prosecuted, fined and received jail time Many use servers outside U.S. (jurisdiction issues) Legal solutions have had only limited success Expensive to prosecute spammers © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Technical Solutions for Spam
Internet design did not include mechanisms ensuring sender identity would be known to recipient Internet’s communication protocol designed to be a polite set of rules where a sending computer waits for acknowledgement that message was received Originating computer will slow if acknowledgement is delayed (must continue to scan for it) and will not send more messages until acknowledgment received Defending (receiving) company must develop way to identify computers sending spam and delay acknowledgement © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Technical Solutions (cont’d.)
Computer being spammed can also launch a return attack called teergrubing (“tar pit”) Send messages back to suspected spamming computer with the objective of setting a trap that drags down its ability to send spam Concern is that counterattack might violate laws Ultimate spam solution could come from new protocols providing absolute verification of message source Currently most effective solutions have been coordinated efforts to identify and block spammers © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Web Site Utility Programs
TCP/IP supports utility programs (tools) Run on Web server or client computers earliest Internet utility program Most important utility Key element in electronic commerce strategies © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Tracert and Other Route-Tracing Programs
Tracert (TRACE RouTe) sends data packets to every computer on path between one computer and another and clocks packets’ round-trip times Provides indication of time message needs to travel from one computer to another and back Ensures remote computer online and pinpoints data traffic congestion Calculates and displays the number of hops between computers and time to traverse entire one-way path © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

FIGURE 8-7 Tracing a path between two computers on the Internet
© Cengage Learning 2017 FIGURE 8-7 Tracing a path between two computers on the Internet © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Telnet and FTP Utilities and Indexing and Searching Utility Programs
Telnet program allows a person using one computer to access files and run programs on a second computer connected to the Internet File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is the part of the TCP/IP rules that defines formats used to transfer files between TCP/IP connected computers Search engines and indexing programs are important elements of many Web servers When a browser requests a Web site search, engine compares index terms to the requester’s search terms to find matching documents © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

© 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Data Analysis Software
Web servers capture visitor information and places it into a Web log file (grows quickly) Third-party Web log file analysis programs summarize information in the file Query log file and return gross summary information or accumulating details Popular Web log file analysis programs Adobe Analytics, Google Analytics, WebTrends © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Link-Checking Utilities
Dead link displays an error message rather than Web page when clicked Sites with many dead links are said to have link rot Link checker utility examines each site page and reports URLs that no longer exists Identifies orphan files which are files on Web server not linked to a page Also includes script checking and HTML validation Adobe Dreamweaver includes link-checking program Free standing link-checking programs include Elsop LinkScan and LinxCop © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Remote Server Administration
Web site administrator controls Web site from any Internet connected computers Monitor server activity and manipulate server from wherever administrator happens to be LabTech Software includes remote administration, link-checking, HTML troubleshooting, site-monitoring and other utility programs Useful in managing the operations on the Web © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Web Server Hardware Wide variety of computer brands, types, sizes used by organizations to host online operations Small companies run Web sites on desktop PCs Most online business operations are operated on computers designed for site hosting Businesses select specific hardware and software elements based on site’s functionality, expected visitors, number and size of pages and graphics © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Server Computers Generally have more memory, larger (faster) hard disk drives and faster processors than typical desktop computers Many Web server computers use multiple processors Most companies spend $2,000-$50,000 on an individual Web server with large organizations spending millions on server hardware May be housed in freestanding cases but most are installed in equipment racks Blade servers are servers-on-a-card Small in size: 300 installed in single 6-foot rack © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

https://www-912.ibm.com/estimator

FIGURE 8-8 Rack-mounted blade servers

Web Servers and Green Computing
Significant electrical power needs for operating servers and cooling the room where servers housed Green computing is efforts to reduce environmental impact of large computing installations Novel approaches using natural cooling Google server facility in Finland Facebook server in Lulea, Sweden Other companies: Hewlett-Packard, FedEx, Harris Corporation © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

https://nsa.gov1.info/utah-data-center/

Web Server Performance Evaluation
Benchmarking is testing to compare hardware and software performance and includes many elements Hardware, operating system software, server software, connection speed, user capacity, type of Web pages delivered and connection bandwidth Users server can handle important, hard to measure Throughput is the number of HTTP requests hardware and software process in a unit of time Response time is time server requires to process one request Independent testing and benchmarks available © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Web Server Hardware Architectures
Electronic commerce Web sites use tiered architecture to divide work of serving Web pages May use more than one computer within each tier Server farms are large collections of servers lined up row after row Centralized architecture uses a few expensive, fast computers and more sensitive to technical problems Requires adequate backup plans © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Web Server Hardware Architectures (cont’d.)
Distributed architecture (decentralized architecture) uses many less-powerful, less-expensive computers Spreads risk over large number of servers Requires additional hubs or switches to connect servers to each and the Internet Requires cost of load balancing to assign the workload efficiently © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

FIGURE 8-9 Centralized and decentralized Web site architectures
© Cengage Learning 2017 FIGURE 8-9 Centralized and decentralized Web site architectures © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Load-Balancing Systems
Load-balancing switch is network hardware that monitors server workloads and assigns incoming Web traffic to the server with most available capacity Simple load-balancing system traffic enters through site’s router and encounters load-balancing switch which directs traffic to best Web server More complex load-balancing systems incoming Web traffic directed to groups of dedicated Web servers Groups organized by specific functions Cost of load-balancing systems range from about $2,000 (simple) to $15,000 - $40,000 (complex) © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

FIGURE 8-10 Basic load-balancing system
© Cengage Learning 2017 FIGURE 8-10 Basic load-balancing system © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

FIGURE 8-11 Complex load balancing system
© Cengage Learning 2017 © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Cloud Computing To reduce costs and effort many businesses are outsourcing entire networks using cloud computing Allows multiple organizations to share a network of servers and software giving businesses access to computers, storage and backup at lower cost Sometimes called infrastructure as a service (IaaS) or platform as a service (PaaS) Resources can be allocated dynamically as needed Some larger firms use hybrid cloud computing Move large-volume, routine work to cloud provider and maintain more sensitive data and processes internally © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

FIGURE 8-12 Cloud computing provider global market share, 2015
© Cengage Learning 2015 © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Content Delivery Networks
Latency occurs when a transmission delay is caused by network inability to handle full traffic load Problem for businesses that rely on Internet to deliver large audio and video files to customers To prevent latency, online businesses have turned to content delivery networks Service that stores large file contents on multiple servers throughout the Internet for a fee Large file requests routed to nearest server with a stored copy of the file © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

FIGURE 8-13 Growth of Internet traffic, actual and projected

Electronic Commerce Software
CHAPTER 9 Electronic Commerce Software © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. . 38

Learning Objectives In this chapter, you will learn:
How to find and evaluate Web-hosting services What functions are performed by electronic commerce software How electronic commerce software works with database and ERP software What enterprise application integration and Web services are and how they can be used with electronic commerce software © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. 39 39

Learning Objectives (cont’d.)
Which types of electronic commerce software are used by small, medium, and large businesses How electronic commerce software works with customer relationships management, knowledge management, and supply chain management software © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. 40 40

Introduction Case study: Harry Barker Sells pet products online
Prepared in advance for an expected increase in online orders from a Good Morning America segment Added an additional Web server Hired additional temporary staff Created a customer Web page Company followed up to measure how well it met new customer expectations © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Web Hosting Alternatives
Self-hosting is running servers in-house Most often used by large companies Third-party Web-hosting service providers offer Web services, electronic commerce functions Often used by midsize, smaller companies Commerce service providers (CSPs) provide Internet access and Web-hosting services Offer Web server management and rent application software Also called Managed service providers (MSPs) or Application service providers (ASPs) © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Web Hosting Alternatives (cont’d.)
Web-hosting service options Shared hosting means client's Web site on a server hosting other Web sites simultaneously Dedicated hosting means the client Web server not shared with other clients Service provider owns and maintains server hardware, leases it to client, and provides Internet With co-location (collocation or colocation) service the provider rents physical space to client with a reliable power supply, Internet connection Clients install/maintain server hardware and software © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Web Hosting Alternatives (cont’d.)
Web server-hosting decisions Hardware platform and software combination Should be upgradable when site’s Web traffic increases Scalable hardware and software combinations Adaptable to meet changing requirements © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Basic Functions of Electronic Commerce Software
All electronic commerce solutions must provide Catalog display, shopping cart capabilities and transaction processing Larger complex sites may include software with added features and capabilities © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Catalog Display Software
Catalog organizes goods and services being sold May organize by logical departments Web store advantage is a single product may appear in multiple categories Catalog is a listing of goods and services Static catalog is a simple list written in HTML Must edit HTML to add or delete items Dynamic catalog stores information in a database with photos, detailed descriptions and a search tool for locating item and determining availability Both located in third tier of Web site architecture © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Shopping Cart Software
Early electronic commerce used forms-based shopping Shoppers selected items by filling out online forms which was awkward if ordering more than one or two items and error prone Electronic shopping carts are now standard Keep track of items customer selected and allows them to view cart contents, add and remove items Ordering requires a simple click which executes the purchase transaction Screen asks for billing and shipping information © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Shopping Cart Software (cont’d.)
Web is a stateless system that does not retain information from one transmission to another Shopping cart software must store information Cookies allows information to be stored and retrieved If browser does not allow cookie storage software automatically assigns temporary number Dynamic pricing management software adjusts prices in real time based on variables seller chooses Promotion management software allows sellers to create special offers on specific products © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Shopping Cart Software (cont’d.)
Fulfillment integration software connects seller’s shopping cart to fulfillment provider’s computer Shipping automatically triggered at completed sale Product review management software allows customers to post reviews of products Product recommendation triggers are tools that respond to customer’s product selection Provides suggestions for related products, refills Abandoned cart management software enables shopping cart to be retained for later when customer session is terminated © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

FIGURE 9-1 Typical shopping cart page
© Cengage Learning 2017 FIGURE 9-1 Typical shopping cart page © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. 50

Transaction Processing
Occurs when shopper proceeds to virtual checkout counter by clicking the checkout button Electronic commerce software performs calculations Web browser software and seller’s Web server software switch into secure communication state Electronic commerce software communicates with accounting software sales and inventory modules FedEx and UPS shipping rate software integrates with electronic commerce software Other calculations include coupons, promotions, time-sensitive offers © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

FIGURE 9-2 Basic electronic commerce site architecture
© Cengage Learning 2017 FIGURE 9-2 Basic electronic commerce site architecture © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. 52

How Electronic Commerce Software Works with Other Software
Most large companies with electronic commerce operations also have substantial business activity unrelated to electronic commerce Important to integrate electronic commerce activities into the company’s other operations Basic information system element is a collection of databases © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Databases Highly structured information stored on a computer
Business rules are how the company does business Database management software allows users to enter, edit, update, retrieve database information Distributed information systems are large systems storing data in many different physical locations Distributed database systems are databases within distributed information systems MySQL database is open-source software owned by Oracle and maintained by group of programmers © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. 54

Middleware Middleware takes sales and inventory shipments information from electronic commerce software Transmits to accounting and inventory management software Companies can write their own or purchase customized middleware Interoperability is making information systems work together Middleware cost range is $30,000 to several millions Depending on complexity and existing systems © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Enterprise Application Integration
Application software (application) is a program that performs specific function like creating invoices Application server (computer) takes request messages received by Web server Runs application program performing action based on request message’s contents Actions determined by business logic rules such as verifying customer password upon log in Enterprise application integration is a creation of links among scattered applications so business logic can be interconnected © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Enterprise Application Integration (cont’d.)
As information is transferred from one application to another program data formats differ Must edit and reformat often using XML data feeds Page-based application systems return pages generated by scripts containing rules Present data on Web page with the business logic Component-based application systems separate presentation logic from business logic Logic components created and maintained separately Updating and changing system elements much easier © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Integration with ERP Systems
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software are business systems integrating all facets of a business Accounting, logistics, manufacturing, marketing, planning, project management, and treasury functions Two major ERP vendors: Oracle and SAP ERP software installation costs between $1 million and $10 million for a midsize company Smaller online businesses can purchase products like NetSuite that offer ERP system subscriptions Called software as a service (SaaS) © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. 58

FIGURE 9-3 ERP system integration with EDI
© Cengage Learning 2017 FIGURE 9-3 ERP system integration with EDI © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. 59

Web Services Software systems supporting interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network Set of software and technologies allowing computers to use the Web to interact with each other directly Does not require human operators directing the specific interactions Application program interface (API) is a general name for the ways programs interconnect with each other Web APIs: interaction over the Web © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

What Web Services Can Do and How Web Services Work
Offer improved customer service, reduced costs Transmit XML-tagged data from one enterprise integrated application to another Provide data feeds between two different companies Programmers write software accessing business application logic units without knowing details Allows communication between programs written in different languages on different platforms Example task: transaction processing Can be combined with other Web services for complex tasks © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

How Web Services Work (cont’d.)
Machine-to-machine communication was originally accomplished with HTML but now most are XML First Web services information sources programmers incorporated into software applications More advanced example is purchasing software used to obtain vendor price information Purchasing agent authorizes transaction and Web services submits order and tracks until delivered As Web servers become more sophisticated, they can often make decisions themselves © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Web Services Specifications
Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) is a message-passing protocol Defines how to send marked up data from one software application to another across a network Utilizes three rule sets Communication rules included in SOAP specification Web Services Description Language (WSDL) describes logic unit characteristics of each Web service Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration Specification (UDDI) woks as address book to identify Web services locations and associated descriptions © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

REST and RESTful Design
Representational State Transfer (REST) Principle describing how the Web uses networking architecture to identify and locate Web pages and elements making up those Web pages RESTful design (RESTful applications) are Web services built on the REST model Transfers structured information from one Web location to another Services accessible at a specific address More than half of all Web services today are RESTful applications © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. 64

Electronic Commerce for Small and Midsize Businesses: Basic CSPs
Use of service provider’s shared or dedicated hosting services Shifts staffing burden from company to Web host Spread costs over all hosted businesses Host provider keeps server working through storms and power outages CSPs offer free or low-cost e-commerce software Less than $20 per month with software built into site CSP examples Gate.com, ProHosting.com, 1&1 Internet, Yahoo! © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Mall-Style CSPs Provide small businesses with basic Web site, online store design tools, templates and easy-to-use interfaces Low monthly fee, one-time setup fees and percentage (or fixed) amount for each transaction Shopping cart software and payment processing Two-main mall-style CSPs are Amazon services for business and eBay stores for businesses No long term commitment and few up-front costs © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Estimating Operating Expenses for a Small Web Business
Cost to become operational between $400 and $8200 Assumes less than 100 items for sale and business already has computer and Internet access Figure 9-4 shows the range of estimates for first-year expenses for a small business owners Self-hosting include one time basic server and router costs of $2000 to $10,000 plus annual costs Basic Internet connection: $480 to $1,800 Secure server room: $5000 Required technicians: $50,000 to $100,000 Annual total costs: $60,000 to $100,000 © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

FIGURE 9-4 Approximate costs to put a small store online
© Cengage Learning 2017 FIGURE 9-4 Approximate costs to put a small store online © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Electronic Commerce Software for Midsize Businesses: Web Site Development Tools
Possible to use Web page creation and site management tools from Chapter 2 After Web site creation add purchased software elements and create the middleware © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. 69

Midrange Electronic Commerce Software
Costs $5000 to $200,000 Operating costs range $1000 to $30,000 annually Offers connectivity to database or ERP systems that store inventory information Intershop offers midrange packages Include search and catalog capabilities, electronic shopping carts, credit card processing and connection to back-end businesses and databases Setup wizards, catalog tools, data management functions and built-in templates are included Manage storefronts with Web browser interface © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use. 70

Midrange Electronic Commerce Software (cont’d.)
IBM WebSphere Commerce Professional is a family of software components Includes catalog templates, setup wizards, advanced catalog tools Provides link with existing corporate systems Inventory databases, procurement systems Customization requires programmers with JavaScript, Java or C++ expertise Costs between $50,000 and $300,000 depending on number of servers and options © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Electronic Commerce Software for Large Businesses
Larger business requirement many of the same advanced capabilities as midsize firms Need ability to handle higher transaction loads and dedicated software applications to handle specific online business elements Enterprise-class commerce software is used in large online business operations Encompasses all areas of the business or enterprise Provides tools for B2B and B2C commerce Interacts with wide variety of existing systems Costs: $200,000 to $10 million © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Enterprise-Class Electronic Commerce Software
Requires several dedicated computers, Web server system, firewalls IBM WebSphere Commerce Enterprise, Oracle E-Business Suite and Broadvision Provides tools for linking to and supporting supply and purchasing activities Secure transaction processing and fulfillment Interaction with firm’s inventory system to issue purchase orders Generate accounting entries Download electronic goods directly from site © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

FIGURE 9-5 Typical enterprise-class electronic commerce architecture
© Cengage Learning 2017 FIGURE 9-5 Typical enterprise-class electronic commerce architecture © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Content Management Software
Helps control large amounts of text, graphics, media files that have become crucial to doing business Increased use of social media and networking as part of online business operations Software should be tested before commitment Straightforward procedures for regular maintenance Facilitates typical content creation tasks Leading providers include IBM and Oracle Costs between $50,000 and $500,000 Can cost 3 to 4 times that amount to customize, configure and implement © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Knowledge Management Software
Systems that manage knowledge itself rather than the documentary representations of that knowledge Collect, organize and share knowledge Enhance collaboration and preserve knowledge gained through information use to benefit future users Tools to read documents and conduct searches Use proprietary semantic, statistical algorithms Collects knowledge elements by extracting them from normal interactions users have with information Implementation costs $10,000 to $1 million or more © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Supply Chain Management Software
Helps coordinate planning and operations with supply chain partners SCM planning software develops coordinated demand forecasts SCM execution software helps with warehouse and transportation management SCM software components manage demand and supply planning and demand fulfillment Cost of SCM software implementations varies tremendously based on number of locations Range from under $300,000 to $5 million © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Customer Relationship Management Software
Goal is to understand customer’s specific needs and customize product or service to meet those needs Idea is if customer needs are met exactly they will pay more for goods or services Software must obtain data from operations software and gather data about customer activities Use data to conduct analytical activities Basic form of CRM uses customer information to sell more goods or services Advanced form of CRM delivers attractive, positive customer experiences © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

Customer Relationship Management Software (cont’d.)
Important in maintaining customer loyalty when purchase process is long and complex From 1996 to 2000 companies spent millions to buy systems and restructure customer strategies Bad experiences led to a change in thinking Now used to solve smaller, more specific problems Popular target is call center operations Some companies create their own but most buy a software package Prices start around $2000 and large implementations can cost millions © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

FIGURE 9-6 Elements of a CRM system
© Cengage Learning 2017 FIGURE 9-6 Elements of a CRM system © 2017 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

ELC 200 Day 19.

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