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Energy Theme Dr Allan Walton SCIRA - Senior Research Fellow

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Presentation on theme: "Energy Theme Dr Allan Walton SCIRA - Senior Research Fellow"— Presentation transcript:

1 Energy Theme Dr Allan Walton SCIRA - Senior Research Fellow
Hydrogen Storage Materials and Hydrogen Processing of Materials

2 Solid State Hydrogen Storage
Schlapbach and Züttel, Nature, 15 Nov 2001 (modified) Mg2NiH4 LaNi5H6 H2 (liquid) H2 (200 bar) 4 kg H2 At STP 1 mole of gas occupies 22.4 litres. 1 kg H2 occupies ~11 m3 at STP. 4-5kg of H2 would be required for a 400km car journey. The hydrogen storage problem is essentially one of gas compression. In solid state hydrogen storage, H2 is captured within the crystal structure of a material such as LaNi5. Solid state materials can offer a safe, low pressure solution for hydrogen storage. However a material has not yet been found which offers the correct wt% H2 at the correct pressure, temperature and price to meet the requirements for an automotive application.

3 Overview of Solid State Hydrogen Storage Materials
Zeolites Activated carbons MOFs Bridged carbon foam spillover material Adsorbents Absorbents Bridged IRMOF 8 LaNi5 MgH2 LiBH4 LiNH2/MgH2 AlH3 Pd Ca(BH4)2 Temperature for significant hydrogen release oC Observed H2 weight fraction (%) Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIMS) -200 -100 100 200 300 400 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Carbon nanotubes Mg2Ni US DOE system target 2010

4 Equipment in the Hydrogen Materials Laboratory
3 Gravimetric balance systems 2 Volumetric sieverts systems XRD with 10/100 bar gas cells and gas dosing system Dispersive Raman spectrometer with gas cells and cryostat Membrane testing facility 3 mass spectrometers High Pressure reaction vessels >700bar H2 Hydrogen processing furnaces Resistivity measurements Melt spinner Magnetron sputtering system with inert sample transfer 3 gloveboxes Flowing gas measurements Reactive planetary and freezer milling Confocal laser microscope with gas cells Bruker D8- XRD Gas reaction cell 10bar and 100 bar H2 Dispersive Raman Spectrometer Gas reaction cell 1bar/100bar H2

5 Melt Spinning of Magnesium Alloys
Production of rapidly solidified amorphous and metastable ribbons in high vacuum or inert gas Thickness: µm, 10mm Sample size 5 – 10 grams Cooling rates 105 – 106 K/sec Wheel surface velocity 60m/sec 5kW induction heater Slit nozzle Boron Nitride furnace tube

6 Melt Spinning Facility in Metallurgy and Materials at the University of Birmingham
Automatic sample positioning Inert sample loading Inert sample transfer

7 Confocal Laser Microscopy
Graph showing optical transparency vs pressure for a 65nm Pd film. Sample cell 77K – 873K, 10-6mBar – 100 bar H2 Pd film valves Pressure transducer Anti-vibration table

8 Confocal Laser Microscopy
3-D map of a 65nm Pd film deposited onto glass . Fully de-hydrided in air 9th cycle 3-D map of a 65nm Pd film deposited onto glass . Fully Hydrided 10th cycle at 1 bar Y.Pivak, R.Gremaud, K.Gross, M. Gonsalez-Silveira, A.Walton, H.Schreuders, B.Dam and R.Griessen. ‘Effect of the film substrate on the thermodynamic properties of the PdHx studied by hydrogenography’, submitted to the Scripta Materialia August 2008.

9 65nm Pd hydride film on exposure to air


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