1. New target materials for the SPES Project
18/05/2018
New target materials for
the SPES Project
Stefano Corradetti
INFN-Laboratori di Legnaro

2. SPES TARGET Work Packages
18/05/2018
SPES TARGET Work Packages
WP01 Ion Source developments
WP02 Material developments
WP03 Laser developments
WP04 Target handling
WP05 Controls

3. UCx Chemistry PADOVA Lab Carbide Chemistry LNL Lab
18/05/2018
The TIS SPES Laboratories
HT LNL Lab
Test Bench LNL Lab
UCx Chemistry PADOVA Lab
Carbide Chemistry LNL Lab
Laser PAVIA Lab

4. (Two labs are involved!)
The Material R&D
(Two labs are involved!)
18/05/2018
R&D Started on 2004 ; LaCx test material ->UCx
LaCx
UCx 13 mm
40 mm
TEST MATERIAL
FINAL GOAL
Good News (!) concerning:
40 mm dia UCx production
UCx on line HRIBF
2 EPJA papers published
Start production of B4C

5. Main fission 238U fragments
18/05/2018
Main n-rich SPES beams
Surface Ion source
Elements with bad volatility (NOT EXTRACTED)
Surface Ionization Method 1 2 H He 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 Li Be B C N O F Ne 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe 55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn 87 88 89
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112 Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt 8
Laser beam
Laser Ion source
Photo Ionization Method
Plasma Ionization Method
febiad Ion source
Main fission 238U fragments

6. Most Intense isotope (1/s)
18/05/2018
SPES Expected neutron rich beams
Element
Mass
Most Intense isotope (1/s)
Ioniz. Eff (%)
Target
Ionization method
R&D (difficulty) Ni
65-69
10+6 6
UCx
LIS ** Cu
66-76 7 Zn
72-79 5 Ga
72-84 20 Ge
75-84
10+7 3
*** Kr
85-93 30
FEBIAD Rb
86-94
10+9 65
SIS * Sr
89-96
10+8
SIS+LIS Y
90-97
**** Pd Ag 14 Cd 10 In 15 Sn Sb Te Xe Cs 85 Ba La

7. On-Line Target and Ion Source Testing Facility
HRIBF:
On-Line Target and Ion Source Testing Facility
(low intensity (<50 nA) tests of RIB production targets)
18/05/2018
Beam from Tandem Accelerator
Target / Ion Source
Beam Diagnostics
Dipole Magnet
M/DM = 2000
Moving Tape System
and g-ray Detector

8. On-Line Target and Ion Source Testing Facility
18/05/2018
On-Line Target and Ion Source Testing Facility

9. On line UCx test at HRIBF
18/05/2018
Thanks to Dan Stracener and ORNL-TIS group
Seven UC2 samples SPES Target Group (in collaboration with HRIBF)
Densities in the range of 4.2 g/cm3
Used the SPES design where the targets are spaced out to allow for enhanced radiation to the walls of the container
Heated to 2000° C for about two weeks without any out-gassing or obvious change in structure (samples observed after the on-line test)
7 UCx pellets of 13 mm. diameter

10. 18/05/2018
Effusion test at LNL
4-5 slides di grafici…

11. SPES UCx prototype Tested on-line @ HRIBF in March 2010
18/05/2018
SPES UCx prototype
Tested HRIBF in March 2010
Tandem proton beam: E=40MeV, I= 50nA
Ttarg = 1600°C; 1800°C; 2000°C
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
Intensity
Isotopes collected
in the Tape System

12. On line UCx test at HRIBF after (6 days) 40 MeV irradiation
18/05/2018
Target discs status
after (6 days) 40 MeV irradiation

13. New target for next HRIBF test
18/05/2018
SPES UCx-CNT for ORNL : on line test planned for October ‘11

14. Proton-rich beams for SPES-α
18/05/2018
Proton-rich beams for SPES-α
Alkaline - Alkaline earth metals 1 H 2 He 3 Li 4 Be 5 B 6 C 7 N 8 O 9 F 10 Ne 11 Na 12 Mg 13 Al 14 Si 15 P 16 S 17 Cl 18 Ar 19 K 20 Ca 21 Sc 22 Ti 23 V 24 Cr 25 Mn 26 Fe 27 Co 28 Ni 29 Cu 30 Zn 31 Ga 32 Ge 33 As 34 Se 35 Br 36 Kr 37 Rb 38 Sr 39 Y 40 Zr 41 Nb 42 Mo 43 Tc 44 Ru 45 Rh 46 Pd 47 Ag 48 Cd 49 In 50 Sn 51 Sb 52 Te 53 I 54 Xe 55 Cs 56 Ba 72 Hf 73 Ta 74 W 75 Re 76 Os 77 Ir 78 Pt 79 Au 80 Hg 81 Tl 82 Pb 83 Bi 84 Po 85 At 86 Rn 87 Fr 88 Ra 57 La 58 Ce 59 Pr 60 Nd 61 Pm 62 Sm 63 Eu 64 Gd 65 66 Dy 67 Ho 68 Er 69 Tm 70 Yb 71 Lu 89 Ac 90 Th 91 Pa 92 U 93 Np 94 Pu 95 Am 96 Cm 97 Bk 98 Cf 99 Es
100 Fm
101 Md
102 No
103 Lr
Post-transition elements
Halogens
Noble gases
Transition metals
Lanthanides

15. Medium Mass p-rich beams
Possible p-rich SPES
Elements with bad volatility
Not available with solid targets

16. Possible p-rich RIBs @ SPES
Low Mass p-rich beams
Possible p-rich SPES

17. SiC Target 28Si(p,a)25Al 28Si(p,2pn)26Al SiC (Saint Gobain) Elemento A
18/05/2018
SiC Target
Elemento A
Half Life
Target dedicati
Ionizzazione Na 21
22.48 s
Al2O3 – SiC - CeS
SIS 22
2.6 a Mg
3.86 s
LIS-FEBIAD 23
11.3 s Al 24
2.05 s
SiC - CeS
SIS-LIS 25
7.18 s 26
6.35 s P 29
4.1 s
FEBIAD
SiC (Saint Gobain)
28Si(p,a)25Al
28Si(p,2pn)26Al

18. Oxide/Boron Carbide Target
18/05/2018
Oxide/Boron Carbide Target
Oxide foams
Elemento A
Half Life
Target dedicati
Ionizzazione Be 7
53.29 d
B4C - Ossidi
LIS-FEBIAD F 17
64.8 s
ZrO2 – HfO2
FEBIAD 18
109.7 m
Al2O3 Si 26
2.21 s
Al2O3 - CeS 27
4.16 s
Boron Carbide
H3BO3 + C source → B4C

19. Zr-based target ZrC foam ZrO2 + 3C → ZrC + 2CO As 73 80.3 d ZrC – ZrO2
18/05/2018
Zr-based target
Elemento A
Half Life
Target dedicati
Ionizzazione As 73
80.3 d
ZrC – ZrO2
FEBIAD 74
17.77 d Br 77
57 h 78
6.46 m Kr 79
34.9 h Rb 80
30 s
SIS 81
4.58 h 82
6.3 h 83
86.2 d 84
32.8 d Sr
25.34 d
32.4 h 85
64.9 d
ZrC foam
ZrO2 + 3C → ZrC + 2CO

20. Lanthanide-based target
18/05/2018
Lanthanide-based target
Elemento A
Half Life
Target dedicati
Ionizzazione I
126
13.11d
LaCx - CeS
FEBIAD Xe
127
36.4 d
CeS Cs
129
32 h
SIS
130
29.2 m
131
9.69 d
132
6.47 d Ba
11.5 d La
133
3.91 h
134
6.67 m
135
19.4 h
136
9.9 m Ce
17.76 h
LaCx Pr
137
76.6 m
138
2 h
139
4.5 h
140
3.4 m
LaCx
La2O3 + 11C → 2LaC2 + 4C + 3CO
CeS
Ce2S3 + CeO2 + 2C → 3CeS + 2CO

21. TaC target TaC foam Ta2O5 + 7C → 2TaC + 5CO Elemento A Half Life
18/05/2018
TaC target
TaC foam
Elemento A
Half Life
Target dedicati
Ionizzazione Ho
164
29 m
TaC
SIS Tm
168
93.1 d Yb
169
32 d Lu
172
6.7 d
173
1.37 a
174
3.31 a Hf
23.6 h
FEBIAD
Ta2O5 + 7C → 2TaC + 5CO

22. Lanthanum carbide synthesis
High vacuum, high temperature furnace (up to 2100°C, 10-6 mbar)

23. WP2: Lanthanum carbide synthesis
Vertical Carbothermic reduction (1600°C, high vacuum)
La2O3 + 11C → 2LaC2 + 4C + 3CO
OXIDE + GRAPHITE GREEN PELLETS
CARBIDE/GRAPHITE (LaCx) PELLETS

24. Boron carbide (B4C) production
18/05/2018
Boron carbide (B4C) production
Boric acid B(OH)3 + citric acid C6H8O7
Thermal treatment :
up to 800°C in low vacuum (5*10-2mbar), 0.5 °C/min
up to 1500°C in vacuum with Ar flow (1 mbar), 1÷3°C/min
2 hours at 1500°C
Solution of the acid
Gel formation
Grounding of the dried gel
Thermal treated powder
High temperature sintering
B4C formation after primary thermal treatment
HT SINTERING

25. 18/05/2018
B4C
4-5 slides…

26. Transition metal carbides production
1. High melting point
2. High thermal and electrical conductivity
3. Chemical inertness up to very high temperatures
MxOy + (x+y+n)C → xMC + yCO + nC, M=Zr,Ta,Hf
ZrC
foams
As pressed
Post-cured
Final carbide
After
burn-out

27. Graphite foams with different porosity
New Graphite disks
18/05/2018
Graphite foams with different porosity
(for effusion tests)
40 mm

28. 18/05/2018
Effusion test
Impregnate/sputter the target material discs with the different elements Sn Cs Rb

29. Ionization 1+ and acceleration (30 kV)
Effusion tests
Coating/impregnation of the porous graphite with
calibrated solutions of an element
Ionization tests on the element in order to evaluate effusion behavior of the target (“escape” of elements from the target grains/surface to the ion source)
Ionization 1+ and acceleration (30 kV)

30. Off-line Front End (effusion tests)

31. 18/05/2018
Effusion test at LNL
4-5 slides…

32. Measurement of argon/air permeability of porous samples
High permeability ?
Fast effusion

33. 18/05/2018
Conclusion