1. The Transatlantic Slave Trade
Ch 17: Transatlantic Economy

2. FYI’s Ch 17 ID quiz  tomorrow Ch 18 Reading Quiz next Monday
Unit 4 test (Ch 17/18) Thurs/Fri before Thanksgiving
Wednesday… Bring books!

4. Origins of the Transatlantic Slave Trade
 Began in 15th century when Portuguese kidnapped natives from the West Coast of Africa and took them back to Europe
 As the demand for labor in colonial possessions in the Americas grew with increasing demand for production, more and more European countries began to implement slave labor

5. Triangular Trade Trade routes between Europe, Africa, and the Americas
Home country carries manufactured goods to overseas areas (guns, textiles, etc.)
Africa supplies slaves who are then brought to New World for labor
Labor in New World then produces raw materials (sugar, cotton, tobacco, indigo, etc.)
Raw materials and crops brought back to home country for manufacturing (sugar, tobacco, cotton coffee, rice)
The Triangular Trade

6. The “Middle Pasage”
The passage across the Atlantic Ocean transporting slaves from Africa to the New World
Extremely tight conditions for slaves, who were packed together below deck
Journey could be anywhere from 5 weeks to 3 months
No room to stand and slaves were shackled to ship with little food, little to no exercise and most importantly no light or information on their destination, future, or families
Many died from starvation or infectious diseases

7. Major Exporters and Destinations
Major Exporters: Britain, Netherlands, France, Spain, Portugal
Major Destinations: West Indies (The Caribbean: Jamaica, Saint-Domingue, Haiti etc), Brazil, Spanish possessions in South America, Florida, British Colonies

8. European Influence in Africa
There were great empires in West Africa
Little to no resistance against more powerful Europeans with advanced weaponry
Leaders soon made deals with Europeans

9. Important Slave Market “Factory” Regions
-Factory: forts on the African coast for defense and organization of slaving enterprises
- Europeans did not go far into the African continent due to harsh topography and native resistance
- Thus rely on African chiefs to supply slaves in return for goods
- This trade and flow of supplies (including slaves) occurred at these factories
Major Slave Factory Regions

10. Impact on Africa
Africans are divided after enslaving each other as prisoners and criminals
Human resources exhausted and population in West Africa declines sharply
Africans profited from slave trade economically
Manufactured goods such as firearms, utensils and tools come into their possession
Precious and refined metals circulate through West Africa

11. Impact on Europe
Mercantilism in 16th, 17th, 18th centuries overseas works very well
Imperialistic states profit from triangular trade
Large amounts of raw material such as sugar, cotton, wheat and corn imported into Europe from New World
Capital accumulation helps to finance Industrial Revolution especially in England

12. Mainland North America
Impact on New World
Population of West Indies is predominantly of African descent
Large number of mulattoes in the region (of partially black descent)
Some slave revolts
Mainland North America
British Caribbean
French Caribbean
Danish West Indies
Spanish Americas
Brazil
Totals
241,917
34,686
277,506
19,956
405,117
50,356
22,610
313,301
910,361
1,875,631
358,845
2,139,819
1,178,518
81,801
175,438
2,210,931
6,494,619
93,581
218,475
99,549
25,455
860,589
2,376,141
3,873,580
472,381
2,763,411
1,328,422
129,867
1,591,245
5,532,118
12,521,336

13. Totals by European Country
Spain / Uruguay
Portugal / Brazil
Great Britain
Netherlands
U.S.A.
France
Denmark / Baltic
119,962
154,191
1,922
1,365 66
146,270
1,011,192
428,262
219,931
4,151
38,435
27,391
10,654
2,213,003
2,545,297
330,014
189,304
1,139,013
67,334
784,639
2,469,879
283,959
3,026
111,871
203,890
16,316
Totals
1,061,524
5,848,265
3,259,440
554,336
305,326
1,381,404
111,041