1. Examining the animal products industry
From Production
to Consumption of Food

2. Beef Products Objectives
Calculate the amount of marketable beef a 1,000 pound steer will produce
Define marbling
List products, besides meat, that are produced by cattle
Evaluate the annual per capita consumption of beef in the U.S
Identify what state ranks first in beef cattle production

3. Beef Products
Beef cattle are the primary sources of protein for people in the United States.
Most calves are born in the spring and live with their mother cows until they are seven to eight months of age
At seven to eight months of age, a calf is weaned from its mother cow
The calf weighs between pounds
The calf moves into a feedlot when it reaches one year of age

4. Beef Products
A heifer usually reaches 900 to 1,100 pounds and a steer reaches 1,000 to 1,300 pounds
The packing plant slaughters and dresses calves.
Carcasses chill for 1 to 2 days at 32°F to 34°F
Dressing an animal means removing the:
Head
Hide
Hooves
Internal organs
These items make up 40% or more of the animals weight

5. Beef Products
From a 1,000 pound steer, only 600 pounds arrive at the butcher’s shop.
The butcher then loses 130 pounds of this as excess bone and fat.
This means that a 1,000 pound produces only 470 pounds of marketable beef

6. Beef Products
After chilling, the packing plant cuts the carcasses into large wholesale cuts:
Ground beef is the most popular form of beef.
Remember, marbling is the intramuscular fat found in the meat

7. Beef Products
People use the animal’s hide to make leather items such as:
Shoes
Belts
Coats
Baseball gloves
They use animal’s hair to make artists’ brushes

8. Beef Products Bones and horns are used for: Buttons Piano keys
Violin strings
Glue
Sandpaper
Gelatin
Toothbrushes

9. Beef Products
Variety meats such as liver, heart, kidneys, tongue, and brains also come from the beef animal
Other by-products include chewing gum, sausage casings, hand creams, animal feeds, soap, and drugs
Drugs include:
Insulin
Rennet
Epinephrine
Thrombin

10. Beef Products
30 million cattle provide the 25 billion pounds of beef consumed each year in the United States.
Annual per capita beef consumption in the United States is more than 80 pounds (per person)
Texas ranks first in the United States in beef cattle production

11. Pork Products Objectives
Identify one top ranking state in pork production
Calculate the average number of pigs in a litter
Evaluate the weight of a market hog
Identify the annual per capita consumption of pork in the United States
List a non-edible by-product of a hog

12. Pork Products
Iowa, Illinois and Ohio are the top ranking states in pork production.
Each sow weans nearly 20 pigs a year
Pigs are born in litters, averaging 8-10 animals per litter
The sow weighs 300 to 500 pounds
The boar weighs 500 to 1,000 pounds

13. Pork Products
The piglets are born in a farrowing house where they stay with the sows for 3-6 weeks where they feed off the sow’s milk
After weaning, the pigs move to a nursery where they eat a high protein feed.
The pigs stay in the nursery until they weigh 40 to 50 pounds

14. Pork Products
Once they reach this weight, we move them to a growing-finishing barn where they have all the feed they can eat.
They stay here until they weigh 220 to 260 pounds which is their market weight

15. Pork Products Each 220 pound hog yields 82 pounds of edible pork
Per capita consumption of pork in the United States is 63 pounds
Besides edible pork, hogs provide by-products such as:
Lard
Hair for brushes
Glue
Leather
Soap
Medicines

16. Pork Products
The medical filed uses hog heart valves in open heart surgeries
They also use hog skin grafts for burn victims
Hogs make a valuable contribution to the health and wellbeing of people

17. Sheep Products Objectives
Evaluate the annual per capita consumption of lamb meat in the United States
Identify the one state that raises the most sheep in the United States
Define mutton
Calculate the weight feedlot lambs are slaughtered and processed for meat
List non-edible by-products of sheep

18. Sheep Products
In history, wool was the primary reason for raising sheep but today lamb meat and mutton are the sheep raiser’s major source of income.
However, many Americans never eat lamb
The annual per capita consumption of lamb is only 2 pounds
Every state in the United States raises sheep
Texas produces 17% of the total sheep and wool, or one out of every six sheep, in the United States

19. Sheep Products
A ewe usually gives birth to one, two, or sometimes 3 lambs.
Lambs stay with their mothers for 4 to 5 months
Lambs go to into feedlots where they are fed grain
This feeding helps increase the lambs weights and improves the quality and tenderness of the lamb

20. Sheep Production
After 2 to 3 months in a feedlot, lambs weigh 90 to 110 pounds
Then, they go to a packing plant for slaughtering and processing
Meat from a sheep is called lamb meat or mutton
Mutton is meat from a sheep older than one year of age.

21. Sheep Products Some non-edible by products include: Cosmetics
Medicines
Glue
Fertilizers
Felt
Diplomas
Tennis racket strings
Candles
Soap
Seat covers
Artist brushes
Bone china
Leather
Strings for musical instruments

22. Milk and other Dairy Products
The average dairy cow daily consumes
100 pounds of grass or silage
15 to 25 pounds of grain
25 to 30 gallons of water
In a year, each cow can produce an average of 14,000 to 16,000 pounds of milk
Lactation is the secretion of milk by the mammary glands
The average day at a 90-cow dairy begins at 4:00 a.m.

23. Milk and other Dairy Products Objectives
Calculate how many pounds of milk a dairy cow produces each year
Define lactation and stanchion
Explain why milk is pasteurized for drinking purposes
List dairy products, excluding milk

24. Milk and other Dairy Products
They go into a milking parlor, there are eight milking stations, known as stanchions, which allow the milking of 90 cows in 2 hours

25. Milks and Other Dairy Products
It takes 18 minutes to milk each group of 8 cows
While in the milking station, the cow’s udder receives a washing with a warm solution of iodine and water
This cleans and stimulates milk let-down
A worker places an automatic milking cup on each teat which allows milk to flow into a pipe line
The morning milking ends at 7 a.m. and begins again at 7 p.m.

26. Milk and Other Dairy Products
Milk goes though a pasteurization process to kill any disease-causing bacteria
Short-time pasteurization milk is held at 171 °F for 15 seconds
Some dairy products include:
Butter
American Cheese
Cottage cheese
Ice Cream
Yogurt
Powdered milk
Evaporated milk

27. Milk and other Dairy Products
It takes 9.75 quarts of whole milk to make a pound of butter
A quart of ice cream uses 1.33 quarts of whole milk

28. Poultry Products Objectives
Identify the age a broiler chicken is slaughtered for human consumption
Categorize the incubation period for a fertile chicken egg
Explain why eggs are one of nature’s most complete foods

29. Poultry Products Two types of chickens are
Broilers- provide meat
Layers- provide eggs
Broilers are ready to market at 6 to 7 weeks of age
The chicks hatch in 21 days
Then they are put in boxes and
shipped to broiler produces
At just one day old, the chicks
are placed in broiler houses

30. Poultry Products
Broilers eat a starter ration very high in protein for the first 2 to 3 weeks
They, they switch to a growing ration for the next couple of weeks
The last two-week feeding period they are fed a finishing ration
This makes meat more tender and flavorful

31. Poultry Products Eggs are one of natures most complete foods because
They are high in protein
Supply all minerals and vitamins, except Vitamin C
Low in calories
Layers grow slower than broilers do.
They start laying eggs at 20 weeks of age
A hen lays nearly 250 eggs a year

32. Poultry Products The first stage of processing eggs is washing
After washing, candling of eggs takes place
Eggs are examined as the whole shell egg passes over a bright light
This process detects and removes any egg with a cracked shell, blood spot, or other defect

33. Poultry Products Next, we sort the eggs by weight and size
An egg is ready for sale only a day or two after the hen lays it

34. Seafood Products Objectives
Explain the importance of seafood to a person’s diet
Identify the leader state in shrimp landing in the United States
Define shrimp aquaculture

35. Seafood Products
Seafood is important to a person’s diet because it is an excellent source of protein
American per capita seafood is 15 pounds annually
After tuna, shrimp is the most popular type of seafood

36. Seafood Products
Texas is the leader in shrimp landing in the United States
Shrimpers harvest shrimp by using nets pulled behind large boats called trawlers

37. Seafood Products
Because harvest of wild fish is at its limit, there is an interest in shrimp aquaculture
Shrimp aquaculture is a recently developed technology to raise shrimp domestically

38. Seafood Products
This consists of place small seed shrimp into rearing ponds and feeding them prepared food
Edible size shrimp is ready for harvest in 3 to 4 months