1. TV-news and translation, a case study: the Ukrainian conflict in four news providers Gaia Aragrande – Ph.D. University of Bologna (DIT Forlì Campus)

2. Project Outline Ph.D. Project on TV-news and translation
Aim: investigation of international multilingual journalism and translation's impact and influence on journalistic messages' delivery in TV-news.
Method: corpus-based, four small comparable corpora of video-news from Euronews channel and of newscasts from RAI (ITA) and BBC One (UK).

3. The Case Study
Topic: Ukrainian war – TV-reports about Ukraine on Euronews (IT, ENG), Rai and BBC One.
Time-span: Feb. 9Th - 22nd 2015 → ceasefire agreement period.
Corpus data: Ukraine-related news cover approx. 10% of the whole corpus.

4. The Ukrainian Conflict I
Why this topic?
Its newsworthiness → widely covered in the news all across Europe
Its frequency, in terms of corpus relevance
Its geographical distance → no local relevance to the any of the national broadcasting channels in the corpus

5. The Ukrainian Conflict II
21st Feb. 2014: EuroMaidan Revolution
18th Mar. 2014: Russia's annexation of Crimea and first pro-Russians' and separatists' demonstrations in the Donbass.
Apr.-Aug. 2014: Escalation of violence in the Donbass
5th Sept. 2014: Minsk Protocol, first ceasefire deal
Jan. 2015: definitive breech of the ceasefire under the Minsk Protocol
12th Feb. 2015: Minsk II, second ceasefire deal, into force from 15th Feb. 2015

6. Preliminary considerations
Texts' translations: what gets translated and what is originally produced by the network? Is there a difference?
→ In this context, translation seems to be scattered through many layers and manners.
Solutions:
Interviewing news channels' staff
Evaluation and analysis case by case
With the aid of corpus analysis, comparison between texts.

7. Interviews with professionals and staff - Euronews
Who: PR and External Communication Managers
How: exchange
No translational activities on a daily basis
Each report drafted by independent journalists in 13 different languages
Outsourcing of the fulfilment of linguistic needs.
Can translation be completely out of the picture?

8. Interviews with professionals and staff – Rainews24
Live press conferences, foreign newscasts and reports, live and recorded interviews.
Ideally no overlapping between translational and journalistic activities.
but sometimes translators/interpreters are called up to take on journalistic activities and vice versa.
Who: professional interpreters and translators
How:Skype interview
Strong work flows' dependency from the historical/news urgency of the moment.
Very hectic and stressing environment.

9. Interviews with professionals and staff – BBC One
Who: BBC Russia Editor
How: Interview at NBH
Hectic and busy environment.
Importance of the news source's truthfulness
GoogleTranslate used to get the event's gist
Law-related issues and international conference
→ translators and interpreters
Translation adjusted to audience's needs.
→ translation, transcreation or transediting?

10. Corpus info I (SketchEngine)
BBC One – EN
Rai Uno/Rainews24 – IT
Euronews – EN Corpus
Euronews – IT Corpus

11. Corpus info II (SketchEngine)
Geographical composition of the news reports in the three TV channels IT UK UE
M. East
Africa
N. Am.
S. Am.
Asia
Ocea-nia
World-
wide
RAI
69,98
18,67
2,83
2,6
1,89
0,24
3,3
BBC
5,53
59,92
20,55
6,71
0,39
3,56
0,79
E. NEWS
(IT+EN)
12,64
1,15
57,47
9,19
8,05
4,6
2,3
1,5

12. Ukraine Sub-Corpus info (SketchEngine)
European news area composition of the reports in the three channels
Total n. of reports= 869
9.65% about Ukraine

13. Corpus Work I (Keywords - SketchEngine)
Euronews – top 10 Keywords
Rank
Word
K-score
Freq.
Ref. Freq.
1-2
(Boko) Haram
597.43 14 2
Jordan
427.02 10 3
Nigeria
384.42 9
4-5
protest(s)
341.82 8 6
student
299.21 7
OSCE
militant
truce
256.61

14. Corpus Work II (Keywords - SketchEngine)
BBC – top 10 Keywords
Rank
Word
K-score
Freq.
Ref. Freq. 1
BBC
1897.7
181 2
Labour
765.9 73 3
London
566.9 54 4
Scotland
514.4 49 5
might
441.1 42 6
editor
409.6 39 7
sports
346.8 33 8
report
325.8 31 9
bit
315.3 30 10
Ziamani
273,4 26

15. Corpus Work II (SketchEngine)
“On Monday, the Ukrainian, Russian, German and French foreign ministers will meet in Paris for talks on the progress of the ceasefire.” (Euronews EN Feb., 21st 2015)
“Martedì i ministri degli esteri di Russia, Ucraina, Francia e Germania si vedranno a Parigi per discutere l'applicazione degli accordi di Minsk.” (Euronews IT Feb. 21St 2015)
[On Tuesday, the foreign ministers of Russia, Ukraine, France and Germany will meet in Paris to discuss the application of the Minsk deal.]

16. Transcreation? Corpus Work II (SketchEngine)
Can we exclude that there's been a translational intervention in this case and other cases alike?
Transcreation?

17. Conclusions and further work
Mass media enable communication across languages and cultures, but in doing so, they can privilege specific information at the expense of other information, and they can also hinder and prohibit information from being circulated. (Schäffner, Bielsa, 2010)
How can corpus approach help?
Is it right to talk about transcreation as form of linguistical and cultural re- contextualisation?
→ systematic and extensive comparison between national and international networks.

18. References
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BASSNETT, S., BIELSA, E., 2009, Translation in Global News, New York: Routledge.
BAUMANN, G., et al., 2011, “Transcultural Journalism: Translations, Transmissions and Transformations”, in Journalism, 12.2,
FAIRCLOUGH, N. 1995, Media Discourse, London: Edward Arnold.
FEDERICI, M. F., 2011, “The Calipari Case: Political Machinations and Journalistic Manipulations” in Humanities and Social Sciences 10:
GASPARI, F., 2013, “A phraseological comparison of international news agency reports published online: Lexical bundles in the English-language output of ANSA, Adnkronos,Reuters and UPI” in Studies in Variation, Contact and Change in English 13, Universty of Giessen
MCENERY, T., XIAO, R., TONO, Y., 2006, Corpus-Based Language Studies: An Advanced Resource Book, London: Routledge.
PARTINGTON, A., DUGUID, A., TAYLOR, C., 2013, Patterns and Meanings in Discourse: Theory and Practice in Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies (CADS), Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
SCHAEFFNER, C., 2012, “Re-thinking Transediting” in Meta LVII, 4, Dec
SCHAEFFNER, C., BASSNETT, S. (eds), Political Discourse, Media and Translation, Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
TSAI, C., 2012, “Television News Translation in the Era of Market-driven Journalism” in Meta LVII, 4, pp
VAN DIJK, T., A., 1995, “Power and the News Media” in Paletz, D. (ed.), Political Communication and Action, Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, pp