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Cell Tutorial Start From Beginning Plasma membrane Lysosomes Cytoplasm Smooth ER Nucleus Centrioles Rough ER Chloroplasts Ribosomes Vacuole Golgi body Cell Wall Mitochondria Quiz Place your keyboard aside. Use the mouse to navigate.

Introduction BACK HOME
Cells take in molecules, create molecules and waste, and replicate. In order to do these tasks, some basic parts are needed. Over the years, much has been learned about cells and their inner parts called organelles. This tutorial will discuss the organelles found within a typical eukaryotic cell.

Cells take in molecules, create molecules and waste, and replicate. In order to do these tasks, some basic parts are needed. Over the years, much has been learned about cells and their inner parts called organelles. This tutorial will discuss the organelles found within a typical eukaryotic cell. There are 2 major groups of cell. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells possess a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles, while prokaryotes lack these. This tutorial will discuss eukaryotes such as:

Introduction Protista Kingdom BACK HOME
Cells take in molecules, create molecules and waste, and replicate. In order to do these tasks, some basic parts are needed. Over the years, much has been learned about cells and their inner parts called organelles. This tutorial will discuss the organelles found within a typical eukaryotic cell. Protista Kingdom There are 2 major groups of cell. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells possess a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles, while prokaryotes lack these. This tutorial will discuss eukaryotes such as:

Introduction Fungi Kingdom BACK HOME
Cells take in molecules, create molecules and waste, and replicate. In order to do these tasks, some basic parts are needed. Over the years, much has been learned about cells and their inner parts called organelles. This tutorial will discuss the organelles found within a typical eukaryotic cell. Fungi Kingdom There are 2 major groups of cell. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells possess a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles, while prokaryotes lack these. This tutorial will discuss eukaryotes such as:

Introduction Plant Kingdom BACK HOME
Cells take in molecules, create molecules and waste, and replicate. In order to do these tasks, some basic parts are needed. Over the years, much has been learned about cells and their inner parts called organelles. This tutorial will discuss the organelles found within a typical eukaryotic cell. Plant Kingdom There are 2 major groups of cell. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells possess a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles, while prokaryotes lack these. This tutorial will discuss eukaryotes such as:

Introduction Animal Kingdom BACK HOME
Cells take in molecules, create molecules and waste, and replicate. In order to do these tasks, some basic parts are needed. Over the years, much has been learned about cells and their inner parts called organelles. This tutorial will discuss the organelles found within a typical eukaryotic cell. Animal Kingdom There are 2 major groups of cell. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells possess a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles, while prokaryotes lack these. This tutorial will discuss eukaryotes such as:

Cells take in molecules, create molecules and waste, and replicate. In order to do these tasks, some basic parts are needed. Over the years, much has been learned about cells and their inner parts called organelles. This tutorial will discuss the organelles found within a typical eukaryotic cell. Humans have a variety of organs. Each organ performs a specific function. Cells have smaller parts called organelles. Each organelle performs a specific function. LETS GET STARTED! There are 2 major groups of cell. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells possess a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles, while prokaryotes lack these. This tutorial will discuss eukaryotes such as:

BACK Plasma Membrane HOME Let’s zoom into the Plasma Membrane.

Plasma Membrane BACK HOME
Let’s zoom into the Plasma Membrane. The plasma membrane is made from two layers of phospholipids. The function is to regulate what can enter and exit the cell.

Plasma Membrane BACK HOME Let’s zoom into the Plasma Membrane.
The plasma membrane is made from two layers of phospholipids. The function is to regulate what can enter and exit the cell. Small molecules such as Oxygen (O2) and Carbon dioxide (CO2) can simply pass through the bilayer. Key = O2 = CO2

The plasma membrane is made from two layers of phospholipids. The function is to regulate what can enter and exit the cell. Small molecules such as Oxygen (O2) and Carbon dioxide (CO2) can simply pass through the bilayer. The plasma membrane also contains passageways called protein channels. But why? Add a protein channel

What does the protein channel do?
BACK Plasma Membrane HOME Let’s zoom into the Plasma Membrane. The plasma membrane is made from two layers of phospholipids. The function is to regulate what can enter and exit the cell. Small molecules such as Oxygen (O2) and Carbon dioxide (CO2) can simply pass through the bilayer. The plasma membrane also contains passageways called protein channels. But why? What does the protein channel do?

The plasma membrane is made from two layers of phospholipids. The function is to regulate what can enter and exit the cell. Small molecules such as Oxygen (O2) and Carbon dioxide (CO2) can simply pass through the bilayer. The plasma membrane also contains passageways called protein channels. But why? Key = Glucose Molecules like glucose are too big to pass through the phospholipid bilayer.

The plasma membrane is made from two layers of phospholipids. The function is to regulate what can enter and exit the cell. Small molecules such as Oxygen (O2) and Carbon dioxide (CO2) can simply pass through the bilayer. The plasma membrane also contains passageways called protein channels. But why? Key = Glucose But glucose and other large molecules can pass through the protein channels.

BACK Cytoplasm HOME Cells are not hollow. They are filled with a fluid interior called the CYTOPLASM.

BACK Cytoplasm HOME Cells are not hollow. They are filled with a fluid interior called the CYTOPLASM. Drifting around inside the cytoplasm are the many organelles of a cell. This tutorial will discuss the many organelles in the cytoplasm.

BACK Cytoplasm HOME Cells are not hollow. They are filled with a fluid interior called the CYTOPLASM. Drifting around inside the cytoplasm are the many organelles of a cell. This tutorial will discuss the many organelles in the cytoplasm. The nucleus is floating in the cytoplasm

BACK Cytoplasm HOME Cells are not hollow. They are filled with a fluid interior called the CYTOPLASM. Drifting around inside the cytoplasm are the many organelles of a cell. This tutorial will discuss the many organelles in the cytoplasm. Mitochondria are floating in the cytoplasm

BACK Cytoplasm HOME Cells are not hollow. They are filled with a fluid interior called the CYTOPLASM. Drifting around inside the cytoplasm are the many organelles of a cell. This tutorial will discuss the many organelles in the cytoplasm. Golgi Bodies are floating in the cytoplasm

BACK Cytoplasm HOME Cells are not hollow. They are filled with a fluid interior called the CYTOPLASM. Drifting around inside the cytoplasm are the many organelles of a cell. This tutorial will discuss the many organelles in the cytoplasm. The Rough ER and Ribosomes are floating in the cytoplasm

BACK Cytoplasm HOME Cells are not hollow. They are filled with a fluid interior called the CYTOPLASM. Drifting around inside the cytoplasm are the many organelles of a cell. This tutorial will discuss the many organelles in the cytoplasm. Lysosomes are floating in the cytoplasm

BACK Cytoplasm HOME Cells are not hollow. They are filled with a fluid interior called the CYTOPLASM. Drifting around inside the cytoplasm are the many organelles of a cell. This tutorial will discuss the many organelles in the cytoplasm. Chloroplasts are floating in the cytoplasm

BACK Cytoplasm HOME Cells are not hollow. They are filled with a fluid interior called the CYTOPLASM. Drifting around inside the cytoplasm are the many organelles of a cell. This tutorial will discuss the many organelles in the cytoplasm. Centrosomes are floating in the cytoplasm

BACK Cytoplasm HOME Cells are not hollow. They are filled with a fluid interior called the CYTOPLASM. Drifting around inside the cytoplasm are the many organelles of a cell. This tutorial will discuss the many organelles in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is made mostly from water. This makes the cytoplasm a solvent to dissolve many molecules.

BACK Cytoplasm HOME Cells are not hollow. They are filled with a fluid interior called the CYTOPLASM. Drifting around inside the cytoplasm are the many organelles of a cell. This tutorial will discuss the many organelles in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is made mostly from water. This makes the cytoplasm a solvent to dissolve many molecules. As molecules are transported around inside a cell, this motion stirs the cytoplasm. As a result, organelles can sometimes be seen drifting when viewed underneath a microscope. This motion is called cytoplasmic streaming.

BACK Nucleus HOME Click on the nucleus to zoom in. The nucleus is often nicknamed the “headquarters” or the “control center” of a eukaryotic cell. This is because the nucleus houses/stores chromatin. Chromatin is DNA is it’s active form. The information found within chromatin is used to produce proteins for use throughout the cell.

BACK Nucleus HOME Click on the nucleus to zoom in. The nucleus is often nicknamed the “headquarters” or the “control center” of a eukaryotic cell. This is because the nucleus houses/stores chromatin. Chromatin is DNA is it’s active form. The information found within chromatin is used to produce proteins for use throughout the cell. Also inside the nucleus is a spot of condensed chromatin called the nucleolus. The nucleolus is responsible for the manufacturing of ribosomes. Once ribosomes are created by the nucleolus, the ribosomes will exit the nucleus though the nuclear pores and begin a journey in which they will ultimately create needed proteins.

BACK Nucleus HOME Click on the nucleus to zoom in. The nucleus is often nicknamed the “headquarters” or the “control center” of a eukaryotic cell. This is because the nucleus houses/stores chromatin. Chromatin is DNA is it’s active form. The information found within chromatin is used to produce proteins for use throughout the cell. Also inside the nucleus is a spot of condensed chromatin called the nucleolus. The nucleolus is responsible for the manufacturing of ribosomes. Once ribosomes are created by the nucleolus, the ribosomes will exit the nucleus though the nuclear pores and begin a journey in which they will ultimately create needed proteins. Let’s see a real picture of the nucleus & nucleolus.

Click on the “Nucleolus”
BACK Nucleus HOME Click on the nucleus to zoom in. The nucleus is often nicknamed the “headquarters” or the “control center” of a eukaryotic cell. This is because the nucleus houses/stores chromatin. Chromatin is DNA is it’s active form. The information found within chromatin is used to produce proteins for use throughout the cell. Also inside the nucleus is a spot of condensed chromatin called the nucleolus. The nucleolus is responsible for the manufacturing of ribosomes. Once ribosomes are created by the nucleolus, the ribosomes will exit the nucleus though the nuclear pores and begin a journey in which they will ultimately create needed proteins. nucleolus Here is the Nucleus. Click on the “Nucleolus”

BACK Rough ER HOME Click on the Rough ER to continue. The rough ER is called “rough” because it is covered with ribosomes. The rough ER is basically a tunnel system to move ribosomes to other parts of the cell. In this sense, you can compare the rough ER to a subway, and the passengers are the ribosomes. Which organelle creates ribosomes? nucleolus Cell membrane Nope

Rough ER BACK HOME Click on the Rough ER to continue.
The rough ER is called “rough” because it is covered with ribosomes. The rough ER is basically a tunnel system to move ribosomes to other parts of the cell. In this sense, you can compare the rough ER to a subway, and the passengers are the ribosomes. Which organelle creates ribosomes? The rough ER is actually attached to the outside of the nucleus. So when ribosomes are created by the nucleolus, the ribosomes then exit the nucleus and travel through the rough ER. nucleolus Cell membrane correct Label the parts

Rough ER BACK HOME Click on the Rough ER to continue.
The rough ER is called “rough” because it is covered with ribosomes. The rough ER is basically a tunnel system to move ribosomes to other parts of the cell. In this sense, you can compare the rough ER to a subway, and the passengers are the ribosomes. Which organelle creates ribosomes? The rough ER is actually attached to the outside of the nucleus. So when ribosomes are created by the nucleolus, the ribosomes then exit the nucleus and travel through the rough ER. Name this part. Rough ER Nucleus No Nucleolus No Mitochondria No nucleolus Cell membrane correct Label the parts

Rough ER Rough ER BACK HOME Click on the Rough ER to continue.
The rough ER is called “rough” because it is covered with ribosomes. The rough ER is basically a tunnel system to move ribosomes to other parts of the cell. In this sense, you can compare the rough ER to a subway, and the passengers are the ribosomes. Which organelle creates ribosomes? The rough ER is actually attached to the outside of the nucleus. So when ribosomes are created by the nucleolus, the ribosomes then exit the nucleus and travel through the rough ER. Rough ER nucleolus Cell membrane correct Name this part. Rough ER No Nucleus No Nucleolus Mitochondria No Label the parts

Rough ER BACK HOME Rough ER Nucleolus
Click on the Rough ER to continue. The rough ER is called “rough” because it is covered with ribosomes. The rough ER is basically a tunnel system to move ribosomes to other parts of the cell. In this sense, you can compare the rough ER to a subway, and the passengers are the ribosomes. Which organelle creates ribosomes? The rough ER is actually attached to the outside of the nucleus. So when ribosomes are created by the nucleolus, the ribosomes then exit the nucleus and travel through the rough ER. Name this part. Rough ER No Nucleus Nucleolus No Mitochondria No Rough ER nucleolus Cell membrane correct Nucleolus Label the parts

The Journey of a Ribosome
BACK The Journey of a Ribosome HOME Area 1: The nucleolus can be found inside the nucleus. The job of the nucleolus is to make ribosomes. Rough ER Nucleus Area 1: Nucleolus

BACK The Journey of a Ribosome HOME Area 1: The nucleolus can be found inside the nucleus. The job of the nucleolus is to make ribosomes. Area 2: The ribosomes will exit the nucleus. Rough ER Area 2: Nucleus Area 1: Nucleolus

BACK The Journey of a Ribosome HOME Area 1: The nucleolus can be found inside the nucleus. The job of the nucleolus is to make ribosomes. Area 2: The ribosomes will exit the nucleus. Area 3: The ribosomes travel along the rough ER. These ribosomes seem pretty important. What do they do? Area 3: Rough ER Area 2: Nucleus Area 1: Nucleolus

BACK Ribosomes HOME Ribosomes are the most numerous organelle found within a cell. Some ribosomes are found inside the cytoplasm and some are attached to the rough ER. Ribosomes perform the process called “translation” in order to create proteins.

BACK Ribosomes HOME Ribosomes are the most numerous organelle found within a cell. Some ribosomes are found inside the cytoplasm and some are attached to the rough ER. Ribosomes perform the process called “translation” in order to create proteins. A protein is a long chain of amino acids. The job of a ribosome is to gather amino acids one at a time and link them together. ribosome

BACK Ribosomes HOME Ribosomes are the most numerous organelle found within a cell. Some ribosomes are found inside the cytoplasm and some are attached to the rough ER. Ribosomes perform the process called “translation” in order to create proteins. A protein is a long chain of amino acids. The job of a ribosome is to gather amino acids one at a time and link them together. Amino acid 1 ribosome

BACK Ribosomes HOME Ribosomes are the most numerous organelle found within a cell. Some ribosomes are found inside the cytoplasm and some are attached to the rough ER. Ribosomes perform the process called “translation” in order to create proteins. A protein is a long chain of amino acids. The job of a ribosome is to gather amino acids one at a time and link them together. Amino acid 1 Amino acid 2 ribosome

BACK Ribosomes HOME Ribosomes are the most numerous organelle found within a cell. Some ribosomes are found inside the cytoplasm and some are attached to the rough ER. Ribosomes perform the process called “translation” in order to create proteins. A protein is a long chain of amino acids. The job of a ribosome is to gather amino acids one at a time and link them together. Amino acid 1 Amino acid 2 Amino acid 3 ribosome

BACK Ribosomes HOME Ribosomes are the most numerous organelle found within a cell. Some ribosomes are found inside the cytoplasm and some are attached to the rough ER. Ribosomes perform the process called “translation” in order to create proteins. A protein is a long chain of amino acids. The job of a ribosome is to gather amino acids one at a time and link them together. Amino acid 1 Amino acid 2 Amino acid 3 Amino acid 4 ribosome

BACK Ribosomes HOME Ribosomes are the most numerous organelle found within a cell. Some ribosomes are found inside the cytoplasm and some are attached to the rough ER. Ribosomes perform the process called “translation” in order to create proteins. A protein is a long chain of amino acids. The job of a ribosome is to gather amino acids one at a time and link them together. Amino acid 1 Amino acid 2 Amino acid 3 Amino acid 4 Amino acid 5 ribosome

Ribosomes protein BACK HOME
Ribosomes are the most numerous organelle found within a cell. Some ribosomes are found inside the cytoplasm and some are attached to the rough ER. Ribosomes perform the process called “translation” in order to create proteins. A protein is a long chain of amino acids. The job of a ribosome is to gather amino acids one at a time and link them together. Amino acid 1 Amino acid 2 Amino acid 3 Amino acid 4 Amino acid 5 protein ribosome

BACK Ribosomes HOME Ribosomes are the most numerous organelle found within a cell. Some ribosomes are found inside the cytoplasm and some are attached to the rough ER. Ribosomes perform the process called “translation” in order to create proteins. A protein is a long chain of amino acids. The job of a ribosome is to gather amino acids one at a time and link them together. As the ribosome. When ribosomes float freely inside the cytoplasm, the proteins they create will likely be used inside that particular cell. But when ribosomes are attached to the rough ER, the proteins created by those ribosomes will likely be sent to other cells.

BACK Golgi Body HOME Click on the Golgi Body to zoom in. Proteins are used in a wide variety of cell activities, such as growing hair, carrying oxygen, and digesting foods. Many proteins are created by one cell, but needed by another. Therefore proteins need to be exported and transferred to other cells. That’s the job of the Golgi Body, named after Camillo Golgi who discovered it.

BACK Golgi Body HOME Click on the Golgi Body to zoom in. Proteins are used in a wide variety of cell activities, such as growing hair, carrying oxygen, and digesting foods. Many proteins are created by one cell, but needed by another. Therefore proteins need to be exported and transferred to other cells. That’s the job of the Golgi Body, named after Camillo Golgi who discovered it. Camillo Golgi

BACK Golgi Body HOME Click on the Golgi Body to zoom in. Proteins are used in a wide variety of cell activities, such as growing hair, carrying oxygen, and digesting foods. Many proteins are created by one cell, but needed by another. Therefore proteins need to be exported and transferred to other cells. That’s the job of the Golgi Body, named after Camillo Golgi who discovered it. The ribosome builds a protein as it travels along the rough ER. Amino acid 1 Amino acid 2 Amino acid 3 Amino acid 4 Amino acid 5 ribosome Protein ribosome ribosome ribosome ribosome

BACK Golgi Body HOME Click on the Golgi Body to zoom in. Proteins are used in a wide variety of cell activities, such as growing hair, carrying oxygen, and digesting foods. Many proteins are created by one cell, but needed by another. Therefore proteins need to be exported and transferred to other cells. That’s the job of the Golgi Body, named after Camillo Golgi who discovered it. The ribosome builds a protein as it travels along the rough ER. When the ribosome has finished making the protein, the rough ER will send the protein to the Golgi body using a protective envelope called a vesicle. Golgi Body Vesicle Rough ER

BACK Golgi Body HOME Click on the Golgi Body to zoom in. Proteins are used in a wide variety of cell activities, such as growing hair, carrying oxygen, and digesting foods. Many proteins are created by one cell, but needed by another. Therefore proteins need to be exported and transferred to other cells. That’s the job of the Golgi Body, named after Camillo Golgi who discovered it. The ribosome builds a protein as it travels along the rough ER. When the ribosome has finished making the protein, the rough ER will send the protein to the Golgi body using a protective envelope called a vesicle. The Golgi body will receive, sort, modify, and then release the protein from the cell inside another protective vesicle. The vesicle will then release the protein when it fuses with the plasma membrane. Vesicle Vesicle

BACK Golgi Body HOME Click on the Golgi Body to zoom in. Proteins are used in a wide variety of cell activities, such as growing hair, carrying oxygen, and digesting foods. Many proteins are created by one cell, but needed by another. Therefore proteins need to be exported and transferred to other cells. That’s the job of the Golgi Body, named after Camillo Golgi who discovered it. The ribosome builds a protein as it travels along the rough ER. When the ribosome has finished making the protein, the rough ER will send the protein to the Golgi body using a protective envelope called a vesicle. The Golgi body will receive, sort, modify, and then release the protein from the cell inside another protective vesicle. The vesicle will then release the protein when it fuses with the plasma membrane. Use your imagination. Doesn’t the Golgi Body resemble a stack of pancakes?

Mitochondria BACK HOME
Click on the MITOCHNDRIA to zoom in. The mitochondria are the powerhouse of a cell. This is because they perform the process called “cellular respiration” in order to create energy.

The mitochondria will take in:
BACK Mitochondria HOME Click on the MITOCHNDRIA to zoom in. The mitochondria are the powerhouse of a cell. This is because they perform the process called “cellular respiration” in order to create energy. The mitochondria will take in: Glucose, Oxygen oxygen glucose

The mitochondria will produce: The mitochondria will take in:
BACK Mitochondria HOME Click on the MITOCHNDRIA to zoom in. The mitochondria are the powerhouse of a cell. This is because they perform the process called “cellular respiration” in order to create energy. The mitochondria will produce: ATP, Water, CO2 The mitochondria will take in: Glucose, Oxygen CO2 Water ATP oxygen glucose

Click on the MITOCHNDRIA to zoom in. The mitochondria are the powerhouse of a cell. This is because they perform the process called “cellular respiration” in order to create energy. The mitochondria create an energy molecule called Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). The ATP created by the mitochondria are used in a wide variety of cellular actions.

Click on the MITOCHNDRIA to zoom in. The mitochondria are the powerhouse of a cell. This is because they perform the process called “cellular respiration” in order to create energy. The mitochondria create an energy molecule called Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). The ATP created by the mitochondria are used in a wide variety of cellular actions. Mitochondria have their own DNA, own ribosomes, and can even replicate on their own. For these reasons, mitochondria are thought to have evolved from bacteria that took up residence inside cells. This is the theory called endosymbiosis.

Click on the MITOCHNDRIA to zoom in. The mitochondria are the powerhouse of a cell. This is because they perform the process called “cellular respiration” in order to create energy. The mitochondria create an energy molecule called Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). The ATP created by the mitochondria are used in a wide variety of cellular actions. Mitochondria have their own DNA, own ribosomes, and can even replicate on their own. For these reasons, mitochondria are thought to have evolved from bacteria that took up residence inside cells. This is the theory called endosymbiosis. Here is a cell before it contained any mitochondria.

Mitochondria BACK HOME Here is a free-living mitochondria ancestor.
Click on the MITOCHNDRIA to zoom in. The mitochondria are the powerhouse of a cell. This is because they perform the process called “cellular respiration” in order to create energy. The mitochondria create an energy molecule called Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). The ATP created by the mitochondria are used in a wide variety of cellular actions. Mitochondria have their own DNA, own ribosomes, and can even replicate on their own. For these reasons, mitochondria are thought to have evolved from bacteria that took up residence inside cells. This is the theory called endosymbiosis. Here is a free-living mitochondria ancestor.

Click on the MITOCHNDRIA to zoom in. The mitochondria are the powerhouse of a cell. This is because they perform the process called “cellular respiration” in order to create energy. The mitochondria create an energy molecule called Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). The ATP created by the mitochondria are used in a wide variety of cellular actions. Mitochondria have their own DNA, own ribosomes, and can even replicate on their own. For these reasons, mitochondria are thought to have evolved from bacteria that took up residence inside cells. This is the theory called endosymbiosis. The cell begins to swallow the mitochondria ancestor

Click on the MITOCHNDRIA to zoom in. The mitochondria are the powerhouse of a cell. This is because they perform the process called “cellular respiration” in order to create energy. The mitochondria create an energy molecule called Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). The ATP created by the mitochondria are used in a wide variety of cellular actions. Mitochondria have their own DNA, own ribosomes, and can even replicate on their own. For these reasons, mitochondria are thought to have evolved from bacteria that took up residence inside cells. This is the theory called endosymbiosis. Over time, the once-living bacteria has become the mitochondria.

BACK Lysosomes HOME Click on the LYSOSOME to zoom in. Lysosomes are produced by the Golgi Body. They act as a cleanup crew. Lysosomes contain very powerful digestive enzymes that can be used for a variety of reasons.

BACK Lysosomes HOME Click on the LYSOSOME to zoom in. Lysosomes are produced by the Golgi Body. They act as a cleanup crew. Lysosomes contain very powerful digestive enzymes that can be used for a variety of reasons. Lysosomes will dissolve and break down food molecules. Once digested, the food molecules can be used as needed by the cell.

BACK Lysosomes HOME Click on the LYSOSOME to zoom in. Lysosomes are produced by the Golgi Body. They act as a cleanup crew. Lysosomes contain very powerful digestive enzymes that can be used for a variety of reasons. Lysosomes will dissolve and break down food molecules. Once digested, the food molecules can be used as needed by the cell. Food vacuole Food vacuoles will store food molecules

BACK Lysosomes HOME Click on the LYSOSOME to zoom in. Lysosomes are produced by the Golgi Body. They act as a cleanup crew. Lysosomes contain very powerful digestive enzymes that can be used for a variety of reasons. Lysosomes will dissolve and break down food molecules. Once digested, the food molecules can be used as needed by the cell. Food vacuole Lysosome Food vacuoles will store food molecules Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes (scissors)

BACK Lysosomes HOME Click on the LYSOSOME to zoom in. Lysosomes are produced by the Golgi Body. They act as a cleanup crew. Lysosomes contain very powerful digestive enzymes that can be used for a variety of reasons. Lysosomes will dissolve and break down food molecules. Once digested, the food molecules can be used as needed by the cell. The vacuole fuses with the lysosome. The food molecules are digested. Food vacuole Lysosome Food vacuoles will store food molecules Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes (scissors)

BACK Lysosomes HOME Click on the LYSOSOME to zoom in. Lysosomes are produced by the Golgi Body. They act as a cleanup crew. Lysosomes contain very powerful digestive enzymes that can be used for a variety of reasons. Lysosomes will dissolve and break down food molecules. Once digested, the food molecules can be used as needed by the cell. White blood cells use their lysosomes to dissolve bacteria and other foreign bodies. White blood cell

BACK Lysosomes HOME Click on the LYSOSOME to zoom in. Lysosomes are produced by the Golgi Body. They act as a cleanup crew. Lysosomes contain very powerful digestive enzymes that can be used for a variety of reasons. Lysosomes will dissolve and break down food molecules. Once digested, the food molecules can be used as needed by the cell. White blood cells use their lysosomes to dissolve bacteria and other foreign bodies. Here is a small portion of a white blood cell.

BACK Lysosomes HOME Click on the LYSOSOME to zoom in. Lysosomes are produced by the Golgi Body. They act as a cleanup crew. Lysosomes contain very powerful digestive enzymes that can be used for a variety of reasons. Lysosomes will dissolve and break down food molecules. Once digested, the food molecules can be used as needed by the cell. White blood cells use their lysosomes to dissolve bacteria and other foreign bodies. The white blood cell has just encountered a scary bacterium.

BACK Lysosomes HOME Click on the LYSOSOME to zoom in. Lysosomes are produced by the Golgi Body. They act as a cleanup crew. Lysosomes contain very powerful digestive enzymes that can be used for a variety of reasons. Lysosomes will dissolve and break down food molecules. Once digested, the food molecules can be used as needed by the cell. White blood cells use their lysosomes to dissolve bacteria and other foreign bodies. The white blood cell begins to ingest/swallow the bacterium.

BACK Lysosomes HOME Click on the LYSOSOME to zoom in. Lysosomes are produced by the Golgi Body. They act as a cleanup crew. Lysosomes contain very powerful digestive enzymes that can be used for a variety of reasons. Lysosomes will dissolve and break down food molecules. Once digested, the food molecules can be used as needed by the cell. White blood cells use their lysosomes to dissolve bacteria and other foreign bodies. This process is called phagocytosis.

BACK Lysosomes HOME Click on the LYSOSOME to zoom in. Lysosomes are produced by the Golgi Body. They act as a cleanup crew. Lysosomes contain very powerful digestive enzymes that can be used for a variety of reasons. Lysosomes will dissolve and break down food molecules. Once digested, the food molecules can be used as needed by the cell. White blood cells use their lysosomes to dissolve bacteria and other foreign bodies. The bacterium is still alive… for now.

BACK Lysosomes HOME Click on the LYSOSOME to zoom in. Lysosomes are produced by the Golgi Body. They act as a cleanup crew. Lysosomes contain very powerful digestive enzymes that can be used for a variety of reasons. Lysosomes will dissolve and break down food molecules. Once digested, the food molecules can be used as needed by the cell. White blood cells use their lysosomes to dissolve bacteria and other foreign bodies. The vacuole that holds the bacterium will fuse with a lysosome. Lysosome

BACK Lysosomes HOME Click on the LYSOSOME to zoom in. Lysosomes are produced by the Golgi Body. They act as a cleanup crew. Lysosomes contain very powerful digestive enzymes that can be used for a variety of reasons. Lysosomes will dissolve and break down food molecules. Once digested, the food molecules can be used as needed by the cell. White blood cells use their lysosomes to dissolve bacteria and other foreign bodies. Lysosome The digestive enzymes will destroy the bacterium.

BACK Lysosomes HOME Click on the LYSOSOME to zoom in. Lysosomes are produced by the Golgi Body. They act as a cleanup crew. Lysosomes contain very powerful digestive enzymes that can be used for a variety of reasons. Lysosomes will dissolve and break down food molecules. Once digested, the food molecules can be used as needed by the cell. White blood cells use their lysosomes to dissolve bacteria and other foreign bodies. Under some conditions the lysosomes in a cell will break open and a cell will self destruct in a process called autolysis. This happens as a way to remove dying and damaged cells. For this reason they are nicknamed the "suicide sacks".

Pretend this cell is damaged and dying.
BACK Lysosomes HOME Click on the LYSOSOME to zoom in. Lysosomes are produced by the Golgi Body. They act as a cleanup crew. Lysosomes contain very powerful digestive enzymes that can be used for a variety of reasons. Lysosomes will dissolve and break down food molecules. Once digested, the food molecules can be used as needed by the cell. White blood cells use their lysosomes to dissolve bacteria and other foreign bodies. Under some conditions the lysosomes in a cell will break open and a cell will self destruct in a process called autolysis. This happens as a way to remove dying and damaged cells. For this reason they are nicknamed the "suicide sacks". Pretend this cell is damaged and dying.

BACK Lysosomes HOME Click on the LYSOSOME to zoom in. Lysosomes are produced by the Golgi Body. They act as a cleanup crew. Lysosomes contain very powerful digestive enzymes that can be used for a variety of reasons. Lysosomes will dissolve and break down food molecules. Once digested, the food molecules can be used as needed by the cell. White blood cells use their lysosomes to dissolve bacteria and other foreign bodies. Under some conditions the lysosomes in a cell will break open and a cell will self destruct in a process called autolysis. This happens as a way to remove dying and damaged cells. For this reason they are nicknamed the "suicide sacks". The lysosomes will release their digestive enzymes into the cytoplasm of the cell.

The damaged cell is destroyed.
BACK Lysosomes HOME Click on the LYSOSOME to zoom in. Lysosomes are produced by the Golgi Body. They act as a cleanup crew. Lysosomes contain very powerful digestive enzymes that can be used for a variety of reasons. Lysosomes will dissolve and break down food molecules. Once digested, the food molecules can be used as needed by the cell. White blood cells use their lysosomes to dissolve bacteria and other foreign bodies. Under some conditions the lysosomes in a cell will break open and a cell will self destruct in a process called autolysis. This happens as a way to remove dying and damaged cells. For this reason they are nicknamed the "suicide sacks". The damaged cell is destroyed.

A healthy neighbor cell will divide to fill the gap
BACK Lysosomes HOME Click on the LYSOSOME to zoom in. Lysosomes are produced by the Golgi Body. They act as a cleanup crew. Lysosomes contain very powerful digestive enzymes that can be used for a variety of reasons. Lysosomes will dissolve and break down food molecules. Once digested, the food molecules can be used as needed by the cell. White blood cells use their lysosomes to dissolve bacteria and other foreign bodies. Under some conditions the lysosomes in a cell will break open and a cell will self destruct in a process called autolysis. This happens as a way to remove dying and damaged cells. For this reason they are nicknamed the "suicide sacks". A healthy neighbor cell will divide to fill the gap

BACK Smooth ER HOME Click on the SMOOTH ER to zoom in. Unlike the Rough ER, the Smooth ER appears to have a smooth surface because it is not covered with ribosomes.

BACK Smooth ER HOME Click on the SMOOTH ER to zoom in. Unlike the Rough ER, the Smooth ER appears to have a smooth surface because it is not covered with ribosomes. The smooth ER is involved in the creation of lipids such as cholesterol and phospholipids of the plasma membrane. The smooth ER found inside liver cells is important in the breakdown of alcohol and other harmful toxins.

BACK Smooth ER HOME Click on the SMOOTH ER to zoom in. Unlike the Rough ER, the Smooth ER appears to have a smooth surface because it is not covered with ribosomes. The smooth ER is involved in the creation of lipids such as cholesterol and phospholipids of the plasma membrane. The smooth ER found inside liver cells is important in the breakdown of alcohol and other harmful toxins. Cholesterol provides strength and flexibility to the plasma membrane of cells

BACK Smooth ER HOME Click on the SMOOTH ER to zoom in. Unlike the Rough ER, the Smooth ER appears to have a smooth surface because it is not covered with ribosomes. The smooth ER is involved in the creation of lipids such as cholesterol and phospholipids of the plasma membrane. The smooth ER found inside liver cells is important in the breakdown of alcohol and other harmful toxins. The Smooth ER of liver cells can detoxify various drugs and alcohol.

BACK Centrioles HOME Click on the CENTRIOLES to zoom in. The picture actually shows two centrioles.

BACK Centrioles HOME Click on the CENTRIOLES to zoom in. The picture actually shows two centrioles. Centriole 2 Centriole 1

BACK Centrioles HOME Click on the CENTRIOLES to zoom in. The picture actually shows two centrioles. Two centrioles make up a single centrosome. Centriole 2 Centriole 1 Centrosome

BACK Centrioles HOME Click on the CENTRIOLES to zoom in. The picture actually shows two centrioles. Two centrioles make up a single centrosome. During the cell division process of mitosis, the centrosome will double and move to opposite ends of the cell. Let’s see the Centrosome duplicate

BACK Centrioles HOME Click on the CENTRIOLES to zoom in. The picture actually shows two centrioles. Two centrioles make up a single centrosome. During the cell division process of mitosis, the centrosome will double and move to opposite ends of the cell. Now the centrosomes move to opposite ends of the cell

BACK Centrioles HOME Click on the CENTRIOLES to zoom in. The picture actually shows two centrioles. Two centrioles make up a single centrosome. During the cell division process of mitosis, the centrosome will double and move to opposite ends of the cell.

BACK Centrioles HOME Click on the CENTRIOLES to zoom in. The picture actually shows two centrioles. Two centrioles make up a single centrosome. During the cell division process of mitosis, the centrosome will double and move to opposite ends of the cell. Then protein threads called spindle fibers grow from the centrosomes and attach themselves to the DNA found inside the cell.

BACK Centrioles HOME Click on the CENTRIOLES to zoom in. The picture actually shows two centrioles. Two centrioles make up a single centrosome. During the cell division process of mitosis, the centrosome will double and move to opposite ends of the cell. Then protein threads called spindle fibers grow from the centrosomes and attach themselves to the DNA found inside the cell. The spindle fibers then help to separate the DNA as the cell divides into two cells.

BACK Plant vs. Animal Cells HOME Here is a plant cell.

Plant vs. Animal Cells BACK HOME
Here is a plant cell. Both plant and animals cells contain many of the same parts. However, there are a few extra organelles found inside plant cells that cannot be found inside animal cells. Click the CHLOROPLAST of the plant cell to zoom in.

Chloroplast CO2 H2O BACK HOME
The chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis. Sunlight, carbon dioxide (CO2) and water undergo a series of complex reactions to produce glucose and oxygen (O2). Chloroplasts take in: Sunlight, Carbon dioxide, Water CO2 H2O

Chloroplasts release:
BACK Chloroplast HOME The chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis. Sunlight, carbon dioxide (CO2) and water undergo a series of complex reactions to produce glucose and oxygen (O2). Chloroplasts take in: Sunlight, Carbon dioxide, Water Chloroplasts release: Glucose, Oxygen CO2 O2 H2O Glucose

BACK Chloroplast HOME The chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis. Sunlight, carbon dioxide (CO2) and water undergo a series of complex reactions to produce glucose and oxygen (O2). Notice there are small compartments stacked on top of each other inside the chloroplast. It’s within these compartments where the green chemical called chlorophyll can be found. Chlorophyll will absorb sunlight to begin the process of photosynthesis.

BACK Chloroplast HOME The chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis. Sunlight, carbon dioxide (CO2) and water undergo a series of complex reactions to produce glucose and oxygen (O2). Notice there are small compartments stacked on top of each other inside the chloroplast. It’s within these compartments where the green chemical called chlorophyll can be found. Chlorophyll will absorb sunlight to begin the process of photosynthesis. Chloroplasts have their own DNA, own ribosomes, and can even replicate on their own. For these reasons, chloroplasts are thought to have evolved from bacteria that took up residence inside cells. This is the theory called endosymbiosis.

BACK Chloroplast HOME The chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis. Sunlight, carbon dioxide (CO2) and water undergo a series of complex reactions to produce glucose and oxygen (O2). Notice there are small compartments stacked on top of each other inside the chloroplast. It’s within these compartments where the green chemical called chlorophyll can be found. Chlorophyll will absorb sunlight to begin the process of photosynthesis. Chloroplasts have their own DNA, own ribosomes, and can even replicate on their own. For these reasons, chloroplasts are thought to have evolved from bacteria that took up residence inside cells. This is the theory called endosymbiosis. Larger predator cell

BACK Chloroplast HOME The chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis. Sunlight, carbon dioxide (CO2) and water undergo a series of complex reactions to produce glucose and oxygen (O2). Notice there are small compartments stacked on top of each other inside the chloroplast. It’s within these compartments where the green chemical called chlorophyll can be found. Chlorophyll will absorb sunlight to begin the process of photosynthesis. Chloroplasts have their own DNA, own ribosomes, and can even replicate on their own. For these reasons, chloroplasts are thought to have evolved from bacteria that took up residence inside cells. This is the theory called endosymbiosis. Larger predator cell Free-living chloroplast ancestor

BACK Chloroplast HOME The chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis. Sunlight, carbon dioxide (CO2) and water undergo a series of complex reactions to produce glucose and oxygen (O2). Notice there are small compartments stacked on top of each other inside the chloroplast. It’s within these compartments where the green chemical called chlorophyll can be found. Chlorophyll will absorb sunlight to begin the process of photosynthesis. Chloroplasts have their own DNA, own ribosomes, and can even replicate on their own. For these reasons, chloroplasts are thought to have evolved from bacteria that took up residence inside cells. This is the theory called endosymbiosis. The larger predator begins to engulf the free-living chloroplast ancestor

BACK Chloroplast HOME The chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis. Sunlight, carbon dioxide (CO2) and water undergo a series of complex reactions to produce glucose and oxygen (O2). Notice there are small compartments stacked on top of each other inside the chloroplast. It’s within these compartments where the green chemical called chlorophyll can be found. Chlorophyll will absorb sunlight to begin the process of photosynthesis. Chloroplasts have their own DNA, own ribosomes, and can even replicate on their own. For these reasons, chloroplasts are thought to have evolved from bacteria that took up residence inside cells. This is the theory called endosymbiosis. The free-living chloroplast ancestor is swallowed by the process of phagocytosis.

BACK Chloroplast HOME The chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis. Sunlight, carbon dioxide (CO2) and water undergo a series of complex reactions to produce glucose and oxygen (O2). Notice there are small compartments stacked on top of each other inside the chloroplast. It’s within these compartments where the green chemical called chlorophyll can be found. Chlorophyll will absorb sunlight to begin the process of photosynthesis. Chloroplasts have their own DNA, own ribosomes, and can even replicate on their own. For these reasons, chloroplasts are thought to have evolved from bacteria that took up residence inside cells. This is the theory called endosymbiosis. Over time, the chloroplast has become a part of plant cells.

BACK Vacuole HOME Click on the VACUOLE to zoom in. The vacuole is simply a membrane that surrounds a mass of fluid. The vacuole stores water, nutrients, and even waste molecules.

BACK Vacuole HOME Click on the VACUOLE to zoom in. The vacuole is simply a membrane that surrounds a mass of fluid. The vacuole stores water, nutrients, and even waste molecules. Plant cells will typically have a single, very large central vacuole. When filled, the central vacuole also supports the cell. As the vacuole shrinks, the plants tend to wilt.

BACK Vacuole HOME Click on the VACUOLE to zoom in. The vacuole is simply a membrane that surrounds a mass of fluid. The vacuole stores water, nutrients, and even waste molecules. Plant cells will typically have a single, very large central vacuole. When filled, the central vacuole also supports the cell. As the vacuole shrinks, the plants tend to wilt. Animal cells also have vacuoles, however they are typically very small and randomly scattered around the cytoplasm.

BACK Cell Wall HOME Click on the CELL WALL to zoom in. The cell wall is the outer boundary of plant cells. The cell wall’s function is to protect the cell and to help support the cell and provide shape.

Cell Wall Plasma membrane BACK HOME
Click on the CELL WALL to zoom in. The cell wall is the outer boundary of plant cells. The cell wall’s function is to protect the cell and to help support the cell and provide shape. Plasma membrane

Cell Wall L L A W L L E C Plasma membrane BACK HOME
Click on the CELL WALL to zoom in. The cell wall is the outer boundary of plant cells. The cell wall’s function is to protect the cell and to help support the cell and provide shape. L L A W L L E C Plasma membrane

BACK Cell Wall HOME Click on the CELL WALL to zoom in. The cell wall is the outer boundary of plant cells. The cell wall’s function is to protect the cell and to help support the cell and provide shape. The cell wall was viewed for the first time under a microscope in 1665 when Robert Hooke first examined cork.

BACK Cell Wall HOME Click on the CELL WALL to zoom in. The cell wall is the outer boundary of plant cells. The cell wall’s function is to protect the cell and to help support the cell and provide shape. The cell wall was viewed for the first time under a microscope in 1665 when Robert Hooke first examined cork. Robert Hooke’s personal microscope

BACK Cell Wall HOME Click on the CELL WALL to zoom in. The cell wall is the outer boundary of plant cells. The cell wall’s function is to protect the cell and to help support the cell and provide shape. The cell wall was viewed for the first time under a microscope in 1665 when Robert Hooke first examined cork. 1665: Hooke’s hand drawn image of cork cells

BACK Cell Wall HOME Click on the CELL WALL to zoom in. The cell wall is the outer boundary of plant cells. The cell wall’s function is to protect the cell and to help support the cell and provide shape. The cell wall was viewed for the first time under a microscope in 1665 when Robert Hooke first examined cork. While the plasma membrane regulates what can enter and exit a cell, the cell wall is fully permeable to any molecule that is small enough to fit through the gaps.

What Did You Learn? Bring on the Quiz! BACK HOME
Common organelles of an animal cell Common organelles of a plant cell Bring on the Quiz!

Let’s See What You Learned.
BACK Let’s See What You Learned. HOME Quiz #1 Name part A. Rough ER No Chromatin No Nuclear Pore No Nucleolus No Mitochondria No Nucleus correct

BACK Let’s See What You Learned. HOME Quiz #2 Name part B. Rough ER No Chromatin No Nuclear Pore correct Nucleolus No Mitochondria No Nucleus No

BACK Let’s See What You Learned. HOME Quiz #3 Name part C. Rough ER No Chromatin correct Nuclear Pore No Nucleolus No Mitochondria No Nucleus No

BACK Let’s See What You Learned. HOME Quiz #4 Name part D. Rough ER No Chromatin No Nuclear Pore No Nucleolus correct Mitochondria No Nucleus No

BACK Let’s See What You Learned. HOME Quiz #5 Name part E. Rough ER correct Chromatin No Nuclear Pore No Nucleolus No Mitochondria No Nucleus No

BACK Let’s See What You Learned. HOME Quiz #6 Click on the organelle that produces lipids such as cholesterol and breaks down alcohol. (click on the word) correct

BACK Let’s See What You Learned. HOME Quiz #7 Click on the organelle that aids in cell division by pulling DNA to opposite ends of the cell. (click on the word) correct

BACK Let’s See What You Learned. HOME Quiz #8 Click on the organelle that produces proteins by connecting amino acids together. (click on the word) correct

BACK Let’s See What You Learned. HOME Quiz #9 Click on the organelle that contains powerful digestive enzymes to break down food and foreign invaders. (click on the word) correct

BACK Let’s See What You Learned. HOME Quiz #10 Click on the organelle that packages and exports proteins from a cell. (click on the word) correct

BACK Let’s See What You Learned. HOME Quiz #11 Click on the organelle that performs cellular respiration in order to create ATP. (click on the word) correct

BACK Let’s See What You Learned. HOME Quiz #12 Two of the Three choices are thought to belong with the theory of endosymbiosis. Which does not belong? Lysosome correct Chloroplast No Mitochondria No

BACK Let’s See What You Learned. HOME Quiz #13 Cells can engulf/swallow molecules through which process? Autolysis No Translation No Phagocytosis correct Respiration No

BACK Let’s See What You Learned. HOME Quiz #14 Central vacuole. Chloroplasts. Cell Wall. Which type of cells will contain these items? Animal No Fungi No Bacterial No Plant correct

BACK Let’s See What You Learned. HOME Quiz #15 Once created, proteins are placed inside protective envelops called ______________. Ribosomes No Vacuoles No Vesicles correct Lysosomes No

BACK The End HOME Be sure to write your name on your worksheet. Submit your handout when finished.

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