1. Male Sex Workers
Last updated: December 2016

2. CONTENT Data availability and population size estimates
HIV prevalence and epidemiology
Risk behaviors
Vulnerability and HIV knowledge
National response

3. Data availability and population size estimates

4. Estimated male sex workers
Male sex workers (MSW) size estimates, countries where data is available,
Country
Estimated male sex workers
Year of Estimate 1
Bangladesh
29,777
2015 2
Malaysia
5,000
2009 3
Nepal
11,376
2012 4
Pakistan
63,732
2011 5
Philippines
86,600
Thailand
18,239
2010
Source: Prepared by based on 1) Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2016; 2) Ministry of Health Malaysia, & World Health Organization. (2009). National Consensus Workshop: Estimation and Projection of the HIV Epidemic;3) Sub-Technical Working Group on Projection and Estimation, Situation Analysis Working Group. (2012). Size Estimation for Sex Workers, Power Point Presentation at Size Estimation Stakeholder Seminar, 10th January, 2012, Richmond Hotel, Nonthaburi

5. Inclusion of MSW in latest available sentinel and bio-behavioral surveys
Country
Sentinel and/or
Bio-behavioral surveys
Behavioral surveys
Comment 1
Bangladesh
2015
icddr,b *
*Survey among MSM, MSW, and Hijra in Bangladesh 2
Fiji -
Behavioural study 2010 3
Nepal
IBBS 2016
MSM/MSW/TG in Terai Highway Districts 4
Pakistan
SGS 2011 5
PNG
IBBS 2010 6
Philippines
IHBSS 2015 7
Thailand
IBBS 2014
Source: Prepared by based on HIV Sentinel Surveys and Bio-Behavioral Surveys

6. Proportion of MSM who sold sex to men, 2008-2015
Source: Prepared by based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys and Behavioural Surveillance Surveys; 2) Lan, W., Lu, W., L.Norris, J., Dong-min, L., Wei, G., Zheng-wei, D., & Ning, W. (2012). HIV Prevalence and Influencing Factors Analysis of Sentinel Surveillance among Men who have Sex with Men in China, Chinese Medical Journal, 125(11), ; 3) Bavinton, B., Singh, N., Naiker, D. S., Deo, M. N., Talala, M., Brown, M.,Navokavokadrau, S. (2011). Secret Lives, Other Voices: A Community-based Study Exploring Male-to-Male Sex, Gender Identity and HIV Transmission Risk in Fiji.

7. HIV prevalence and epidemiology

8. HIV prevalence among MSW, countries where data is available, 2009-2015
+Capital city, *Shenzhen, *** Terai Highway Districts
*** Average for 5 provinces (Bangkok, Chiang Mai, Phuket, Ratchaburi and Chonburi)
Source: Prepared by based on 1.Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys; 2.HIV Sentinel Surveillance Surveys; 3.Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting; 4.J Zhao, W. Cai, L. Chen, J. Cheng, H. Ma, & X. Wang. (2012). A Comparison of HIV infection and Related Risk Factors between Money Boys and Non-commercial Men who have Sex with Men in Shenzhen, China. Poster presented at the IAS 2012, Washington, D.C., USA.; and 5.

9. HIV prevalence data on MSW is scarce but it indicates higher HIV prevalence than FSW in most of the countries,
* FSW data is for 2011; ** 22 Highway Districts for FSW and Terai Highway Districts for MSW
*** Port Moresby and FSW data is for 2010; **** FSW data is for 2013
Source: Prepared by based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys; 2) HIV Sentinel Surveillance Surveys; 3) Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting

10. Syphilis prevalence among MSW, countries where data is available, 2009-2016
Source: Prepared by based on 1.J Zhao, W. Cai, L. Chen, J. Cheng, H. Ma, & X. Wang. (2012). A Comparison of HIV infection and Related Risk Factors between Money Boys and Non-commercial Men who have Sex with Men in Shenzhen, China. Poster presented at the IAS 2012, Washington, D.C., USA. ; 2.Kelly, A., Kupul, M., et al. (2011). Askim Na Save (Ask and Understand): People Who Sell and Exchange Sex in Port Moresby. Key Quantitative Findings. Sydney: Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research and the University of New South Wales.; 3. icddr,b. (2015). A Survey of HIV, syphilis and risk behaviors among males having sex with males, male sex workers and hijra. Global Fund Rolling Continuation Channel Project of icddr,b.; 4.Ministry of Health Viet Nam. (2011). Integrated Biological and Behavioural Survey 2009; 5. National Centre for AIDS and STD Control. (2016). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) and Transgender (TG) People in Terai Highway Districts of Nepal (Round – I ) - Factsheet

11. Risk behaviours

12. Average duration in the profession of selling sex among MSW, countries where data is available,
Source: Prepared by based on 1. icddr,b. (2015). A Survey of HIV, syphilis and risk behaviors among males having sex with males, male sex workers and hijra. Global Fund Rolling Continuation Channel Project of icddr,b ; and 2. National AIDS Control Program, Pakistan. (2011). HIV Second Generation Surveillance in Pakistan - National Report Round IV 2011

13. Average number of clients among MSW in the last month, 2009-2014
Source: Prepared by based on 1. icddr,b. (2015). A Survey of HIV, syphilis and risk behaviors among males having sex with males, male sex workers and hijra. Global Fund Rolling Continuation Channel Project of icddr,b ; 2. Ministry of Health Viet Nam. (2011). Integrated Biological and Behavioural Survey 2009; 3. National Centre for AIDS and STD Control. (2012). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) and Transgender (TG) People in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal; 4. National AIDS Control Program, Pakistan. (2011). HIV Second Generation Surveillance in Pakistan - National Report Round IV 2011; anc National HIV and STI Surveillance and Strategic Information Unit, National Epidemiology Center, DOH. (2014) Integrated HIV Behavioral and Serologic Surveillance (IHBSS) Report. Manila, Philippines.

14. Proportion of MSW who reported condom use at last sex, 2010-2015
Source: Prepared by based on Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting

15. Proportion of MSW who reported consistent condom use with male clients, 2008-2014
Source: Prepared by based on 1. icddr,b. (2015). A Survey of HIV, syphilis and risk behaviors among males having sex with males, male sex workers and hijra. Global Fund Rolling Continuation Channel Project of icddr,b.; 2. National AIDS Control Program, Pakistan. (2011). HIV Second Generation Surveillance in Pakistan - National Report Round IV 2011.; 3. National Centre for AIDS and STD Control. (2015). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) and Transgender (TG) People in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. ; 4.Askim Na Save (Ask and Understand): People Who Sell and Exchange Sex in Port Moresby. Key Quantitative Findings. Sydney: Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research and the University of New South Wales.; 5. Cai, W.-D., Zhao, J., Zhao, J.-K., et al. (2010). HIV Prevalence and Related Risk Factors among Male Sex Workers in Shenzhen, China: Results from a Time–location Sampling Survey. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 86(1),

16. Proportion of MSW who reported transactional sex with female in the last month, 2008-2015
* Last year
** Last 3 months
Source: Prepared by based on 1. icddr,b. (2015). A Survey of HIV, syphilis and risk behaviors among males having sex with males, male sex workers and hijra. Global Fund Rolling Continuation Channel Project of icddr,b..; 2. National AIDS Control Program, Pakistan. (2011). HIV Second Generation Surveillance in Pakistan - National Report Round IV 2011.; 3.Cai, W.-D., Zhao, J., Zhao, J.-K., et al. (2010). HIV Prevalence and Related Risk Factors among Male Sex Workers in Shenzhen, China: Results from a Time–location Sampling Survey. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 86(1), ; 4.Ministry of Health Viet Nam. (2011). Integrated Biological and Behavioural Survey 2009; 5. National Centre for AIDS and STD Control. (2012). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) and Transgender (TG) People in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal; 6. Department of Health Philippines- Epidemiology Bureau. (2015). IHBSS 2015 Fact Sheets

17. Proportion of MSW with overlapping risk behaviors, countries where data is available, 2009-2014
* In the last 12 months; (for Philippines, data is for male entertainment establishment workers)
** In the last month
*** In the last 6 months;
**** Ever injected drugs; Had sexual partner who inject drugs
Source: Prepared by based on 1. icddr,b. (2015). A Survey of HIV, syphilis and risk behaviors among males having sex with males, male sex workers and hijra. Global Fund Rolling Continuation Channel Project of icddr,b. : Technical Report.; 2. National AIDS Control Program, Pakistan. (2011). HIV Second Generation Surveillance in Pakistan - National Report Round IV 2011.; 3. Ministry of Health Viet Nam. (2011). Integrated Biological and Behavioural Survey 2009; 4. National Centre for AIDS and STD Control. (2012). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) and Transgender (TG) People in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

18. Vulnerability and HIV knowledge

19. Proportion of MSW with comprehensive HIV knowledge, 2008-2014
* Male sex workers and transgender sex workers
** Male entertainment establishment workers
Source: Prepared by based on 1. UNAIDS. (2010). Global Report: UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic.; 2. National HIV and STI Surveillance and Strategic Information Unit, National Epidemiology Center, DOH. (2014) Integrated HIV Behavioral and Serologic Surveillance (IHBSS) Report. Manila, Philippines.

20. National response

21. Proportion of MSW reached with HIV prevention programmes, 2007-2014
Definition of reach : Know where to go to receive an HIV test and had been given condoms in the last 12 months
Source: Prepared by based on National AIDS Committee. (2015). Thailand Ending AIDS. Thailand AIDS Response Progress Report Reporting Period: Fiscal Year of 2014 ; and

22. Proportion of MSW who received an HIV test in the last 12 months and knew their results, 2010-2015
It is not strictly comparable across countries since methods and sampling varied. In addition, many surveys were conducted in a few urban areas and it might not necessarily reflect prevailing conditions at the national level.
Source: Prepared by based on Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting

23. Punitive laws hindering the HIV response in South Asia
Sex Workers
Men who have sex with men
Criminalize sex work in private
Criminalize soliciting
Criminalize male-to-male sex
Afghanistan
YES
Bangladesh NO
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Sources: Prepared by based on UNAIDS, AIDS Data Hub, UNODC, UNFPA, and UNDP. (2014). Punitive Laws Hindering the HIV Response in Asia and the Pacific (October 2014)

24. Punitive laws hindering the HIV response in South-East Asia
Sex Workers
Men who have sex with men
Criminalize sex work in private
Criminalize soliciting
Criminalize male-to-male sex
Brunei
NOT ILLEGAL
YES
Cambodia NO
Indonesia
Lao PDR
Malaysia
Myanmar
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Timor-Leste
Viet Nam
Sources: Prepared by based on UNAIDS, AIDS Data Hub, UNODC, UNFPA, and UNDP. (2014). Punitive Laws Hindering the HIV Response in Asia and the Pacific (October 2014)

25. Punitive laws hindering the HIV response in East Asia
Sex Workers
Men who have sex with men
Criminalize sex work in private
Criminalize soliciting
Criminalize male-to-male sex
China
YES NO
Japan
Mongolia
DPR Korea
Republic of Korea
Sources: Prepared by based on UNAIDS, AIDS Data Hub, UNODC, UNFPA, and UNDP. (2014). Punitive Laws Hindering the HIV Response in Asia and the Pacific (October 2014)

26. Punitive laws hindering the HIV response in the Pacific
Sex Workers
Men who have sex with men
Criminalize sex work in private
Criminalize soliciting
Criminalize male-to-male sex
Fiji NO
YES
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
FSM*
Nauru
NO INFO
Palau
Papua New Guinea
NOT ILLEGAL
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
*Federated States of Micronesia
Sources: Prepared by based on UNAIDS, AIDS Data Hub, UNODC, UNFPA, and UNDP. (2014). Punitive Laws Hindering the HIV Response in Asia and the Pacific (October 2014)

27. slides compiled by www.aidsdatahub.org
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slides compiled by
Data shown in this slide set are comprehensive to the extent they are available from country reports. Please inform us if you know of sources where more recent data can be used. Please acknowledge if slides are lifted directly from this site