1. Biology- the scientific study of living organisms and their interactions with their environment.
Organism- the term used by scientists for all living things.

2. Characteristics of life
Cells
Reproduction
Metabolism
Homeostasis
Genetics
Evolution
Ecology

3. cells
Cell- smallest unit that can perform life functions and has tiny organ-like structures
all living things are made up of cells
** The human body has over a trillion cells!

4. Paramecium Single celled organism
Human Red Blood Cells
Paramecium
Single celled organism
Diatoms
Single celled organisms

5. Reproduction Process by which organisms make more of their own kind
All living organisms reproduce
Some bacteria reproduce in 15 minutes
Some reproduce by seed
Humans reproduce in 9 months

6. Metabolism
Metabolism- chemical reactions that allow an organism to obtain and use energy to run the processes of life
Chemical reactions help break down food and
Absorb nutrients
Chemical reactions help our cells reproduce
Chemical reactions control hormones that
Control our weight and sleep

7. Homeostasis
Homeostasis- maintaining a constant internal environment by making adjustment as the external environment changes.
Example: Humans keep a
constant body temperature of
98.6 degrees- even when it is
hot outside

8. Genetics
All living things are able to pass on traits to their offspring
gene- the basic unit of heredity that carries
information and determines the traits
an organism will have
Genetics- the study of genes and inheritance
Heredity- the actual passing of traits from
parent to offspring

9. Evolution
Organisms have the ability to change over long periods of time to adapt to environmental changes
Evolution- change of characteristics within
a population over many generations
Natural selection- organisms with favorable
traits are more likely to survive and pass
on their genes to future generations

10. Ecology
All organisms live and interact with other organisms and their environment.
Ecology- branch of biology that studies
the interaction of organisms with one
another and their interactions with
their environment.

11. 4 Building Block Molecules of Cells
Cell- smallest unit of life

12. Carbohydrates- The main energy source for living things, but also used for cell structure.
Ex:

13. Lipids- Used for energy storage, cell structure and hormones.
Ex:

14. 3. proteins- The major structural components of cells and tissues
3. proteins- The major structural components of cells and tissues. ex: collagen in hair, bones, skin
-enzyme- a protein that starts, speeds up, or stops chemical reactions
Ex:

15. 4. Nucleic acids- RNA and DNA
that contains genetic information
Heredity- the passing of traits from
parent to offspring

16. Experiment Scientific Method
The heart of scientific investigations is an observation.
These observations bring up questions
These questions can be answered by doing an …..
Experiment

17. Experiment- a planned procedure to test a hypothesis.
The 5 Steps of the Scientific Method
1. Hypothesis-
A theory/prediction
or explanation that
is based on observations
and can be tested
“An Educated Guess”

18. 2. Materials- a list of things needed for a given experiment
When writing a lab report you list the
materials in alphabetical order and
in a column!!
Procedure- a list of instructions on how
to perform the experiment.
1. Get microscope from the closet and carry it to the
lab table. Plug microscope in and turn on the light
source.
Place prepared slide on the stage and observe
using the 10X objective.
3. Draw and record your observations.

19. Conclusion- data is collected and analyzed to see whether or
4. Observations- the act of noting or perceiving objects or events using the senses
The most important thing of scientific
investigations is careful observation.
Always question everything!!!
Conclusion- data is collected and
analyzed to see whether or
not it supports the hypothesis
It is OK if your conclusion proves
your hypothesis wrong.

20. Experimental Variables
control group- a group in the experiment that receives no experimental treatment
independent variable- a factor that you change throughout the experiment
Ex: If you were testing how different
amounts of caffeine effects a persons
sleep
-the amounts of caffeine given to
the person is your independent variable
dependant variable- a factor that changes
and is measured in an experiment
Ex: How much sleep the person got
is your dependant variable