1. Human Computer Interaction
Unit Week 5
Human Computer Interaction

2. Behavioural Models Last week Principles of HCI Design Perception
This Week
Behavioural Models
How does this relate to last week?

3. Appetiser
Get your brain working
Appetiser:
5-7 mins

4. Appetiser
Get your brain working
Appetiser:
5-7 mins

5. LO 2 Understand the fundamental principles of interface design
Today’s LOs
Skills building:
Research / analysis
Summarise information.
Decision making:
Identifying options, evaluating them, and then choosing the most appropriate.

6. Behaviour models
Examining the physical behaviour of the user and how they interact with the computer system is critical.
It is common to categorise different types of physical interaction into certain behavioural models.
Some models are said to be “predictive”, these include:
Keystroke Level Model (KLM)
Throughput (TP)
Fitts’ Law
Other models are “Descriptive”:
Key-Action Model (KAM)
Buxton’s three-state model
Guiard’s Model of bimanual control

7. Information processing
Another fundamental aspect of interface design is the human component – us!
In order to model human computer interactions it is necessary to understand how the human brain processes information.
Two key models exist for this:
Human Information Processing (HIP)
Goals, Operators, Methods and Selection (GOMS)

8. Human Information Processing (HIP)
a cognitive (mental) modeling method used to calculate how long it takes to perform a certain task.
methods include: GOMS and KLM
Cognitive modeling methods are one way to evaluate the usability of a product.
This method allows a system designer to predict the performance with respect to time it takes a person to complete a task without performing experiments

9. Activity-Guirds Model
Predictive Models
Skills building:
Research / analysis
Summarise information.
Activity-Guirds Model
Predictive models include:
Keystroke Level Model (KLM)
TASK 1: WATCH THE VIDEO
TASK 2: PREDICT USING KLM

10. Activity Predictive Models Predictive models include: Fitts’ Law
Skills building:
Producing grammatical, well expressed, easily understood and interesting text in an appropriate format.
Activity
Predictive models include:
Fitts’ Law
TASK 1: Hands on demo:
TASK 2: Applying Fitts to mobile phone design

11. Play a game… How difficult is it?
Olympic Shooting Practice
  Hit the Bullseye!

12. Activity Predictive Models Predictive models include:
Skills building:
Producing grammatical, well expressed, easily understood and interesting text in an appropriate format.
Activity
Predictive models include:
Throughput (TP): research an explanation of “HCI Throughput” and write a short paragraph in your own words – add sources

13. Activity Descriptive Models Other models are “Descriptive”:
Skills building:
Research / analysis
Summarise information.
Descriptive Models
Activity
Other models are “Descriptive”:
Guiard’s Model of bimanual control
TASK: Timed practical exercise

14. Activity Descriptive Models Other models are “Descriptive”:
Skills building:
Research / analysis
Summarise information.
Descriptive Models
Activity
Other models are “Descriptive”:
Key-Action Model (KAM)
Task: Read PDF: KAM & Guiards

15. Activity Descriptive Models Other models are “Descriptive”:
Skills building:
Research / analysis
Summarise information.
Descriptive Models
Activity
Other models are “Descriptive”:
Buxton’s three-state model
Task : Watch PowerPoint Presentation
Skills building:
Producing grammatical, well expressed, easily understood and interesting text in an appropriate format.

16. GOMS
GOMS is a method for examining the individual components of a user experience in terms of the time it takes a user to most efficiently complete a goal.
GOMS stands for:
Goals
Operators
Methods
Selection Rules
Goals:
what the user wants to accomplish. High level goal (e.g. WRITE-REPORT) or low level (e.g. DELETE-WORD)
Operators:
Perceptual, motor or cognitive actions that are used to accomplish the goals (e.g. DOUBLE-CLICK-MOUSE, PRESS-INSERT-KEY). Each operator requires a fixed amount of time for the user to execute, and that this time interval is independent of context (e.g. CLICK-MOUSE button takes 0.20 seconds to execute).
Methods:
procedures the user uses to accomplish a goal. For example, one method to accomplish the goal DELETE-WORD would be to MOVE-MOUSE to the beginning of the word, and PRESS-DELETE-KEY (the use-mouse-delete-word method). Another method to accomplish the same goal could involve using the arrow keys to reach the beginning of the word (the use-arrows-delete-word method).
Selection Rules
refer to a user’s personal decision about which method will work best in a particular situation in order to reach a goal.

17. Goals: Operators: Methods: Selection Rules
GOMS
Goals:
what the user wants to accomplish. High level goal (e.g. WRITE-REPORT) or low level (e.g. DELETE-WORD)
Operators:
Perceptual, motor or cognitive actions that are used to accomplish the goals (e.g. DOUBLE- CLICK-MOUSE, PRESS-INSERT-KEY). Each operator requires a fixed amount of time for the user to execute, and that this time interval is independent of context (e.g. CLICK-MOUSE button takes 0.20 seconds to execute).
Methods:
procedures the user uses to accomplish a goal. For example, one method to accomplish the goal DELETE-WORD would be to MOVE-MOUSE to the beginning of the word, and PRESS- DELETE-KEY (the use-mouse-delete-word method). Another method to accomplish the same goal could involve using the arrow keys to reach the beginning of the word (the use-arrows- delete-word method).
Selection Rules
refer to a user’s personal decision about which method will work best in a particular situation in order to reach a goal.
Goals:
what the user wants to accomplish. High level goal (e.g. WRITE-REPORT) or low level (e.g. DELETE-WORD)
Operators:
Perceptual, motor or cognitive actions that are used to accomplish the goals (e.g. DOUBLE-CLICK-MOUSE, PRESS-INSERT-KEY). Each operator requires a fixed amount of time for the user to execute, and that this time interval is independent of context (e.g. CLICK-MOUSE button takes 0.20 seconds to execute).
Methods:
procedures the user uses to accomplish a goal. For example, one method to accomplish the goal DELETE-WORD would be to MOVE-MOUSE to the beginning of the word, and PRESS-DELETE-KEY (the use-mouse-delete-word method). Another method to accomplish the same goal could involve using the arrow keys to reach the beginning of the word (the use-arrows-delete-word method).
Selection Rules
refer to a user’s personal decision about which method will work best in a particular situation in order to reach a goal.

18. To be completed for next lesson:
Homework activities
Complete all the practical exercises (including write up) for all the behaviour models
Review all the fundamental principles of interface design covered:
Perception
Behaviour Models
Additional research: have a look at the file: Good research links Principles of design
To be completed for next lesson: