1. Density
Density=mass
volume
If you cut an object in half the density of each will stay the same.
Density of water is 1.0 g/cm3 .
Anything more dense than water will sink and anything less dense will float.

2. Density= mass volume Finding volume of regular shaped object.
Volume = Length X Width X height

3. Finding volume of an irregular shaped you would use a graduated cylinder by using the water displacement method.

4. Finding Mass: use a Triple Beam Balance

5. Add up all the riders. The first beam is on 20 the second 0 and the third is pointing to 5.4.
= 25.4 grams

6. Use the formula below to find density.

7. Will it float or sink?
Remember: Anything less dense than water (1.0 g/cm3) will float. Anything more dense than water will sink.

8. Observing Inferring Using your senses to observe something
Form a conclusion based upon facts without making complete observations..

9. Minerals are identified by their physical and chemical properties.
Streak: The color of a minerals powder. Found by scratching a mineral on a ceramic tile.

10. Hardness: The ability of a mineral to resist being scratched.
Mohs scale of hardness ranks ten minerals in hardness from 1 – 10. As the number increases the hardness of the mineral increases. Hardness is determined by a minerals internal arrangement of atoms.

11. Rocks are classified by how they form.
Igneous Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
How do they form?
Cooling and hardening of lava or magma.
Solidification of Magma.
When a rock changes by heat and pressure.
Form when sediments are deposited, compacted and cemented together.
Where do they form?
Intrusive: deep under ground.
Extrusive: at or near the Earth’s surface.
Where plates collide/push together. Deep underground.
Usually near water.
Examples
Key words.
Granite, obsidian, pumice
Cooling/solidification/ magma/lava
Gneiss
Heat/pressure/ banding/ foliation
Conglomerate
Pebbles,sand, sediment, compaction, cementation.
Rocks are classified by how they form.
All Rocks are made up of minerals.

15. Layers of the Earth
Temperature, density and pressure increase as you go from the crust to the inner core.

16. How do convection currents in the mantle cause lithospheric (crustal) plates to move?
When magma heats it expands, becomes less dense and rises. When magma cools it contracts, becomes more dense and sinks. This up and down motion of magma causes convection currents in the mantle, which causes the plates to move.

17. What is the theory of Continental Drift?
Theory of continental Drift: Proposed by Alfred Wegner.
The idea that states that continents were once a giant landmass, and broke into pieces that moved to the position they are in today.
Evidence:
The continents look like they fit
together like a giant puzzle
Fossil evidence: Fossils of the same plants and animals have been found on different continents.
Matching Rocks on different continents.
Matching mountain chains.

19. What are three geologic features associated with plate boundaries and crustal movement? Earthquakes, mountains, volcanic activity.

20. Why are people in California more at risk of an Earthquake than people in New York?
People in the western section of the US live along major fault lines. For example the San Andreas fault (a transform plate boundary)

21. What are some thing people can do to prepare for an Earthquake?
See web site below for a list of things you can do.