1. Greece Time Line (so far)
B.C.
2,000
1,500
1,200
1,150
700
621
594
500
490
480
477
461
431
300
Persia attacked Iona
*Beginning of Persian War
The Peloponnesian War
Athens vs. Sparta *lasted until 404
Mycaneans migrated to modern-day Greece
The Trojan War
*THE DORIAN AGE* lasted to 750
Draco came into power and changed Athenian govt.
Emergence of Homer
Cleisthenes came into power in Athens.
*Reformed Solon’s classes by location and not wealth
Solon came in to power in Athens *Outlawed ANY slavery
*Organized ancient suing
The Age of Pericles
*lasted until 429
The Golden Age of Athens *lasted until 431
Xerxes led an attack on Thermopylae and the Battle of Salamis
*Write down the dates and what took place  example: Revolutionary War Begins

2. The Peloponnesian War severely weakened the strongest Greek city states
Athens and Sparta
The war weakened their military and their economic powers

3. Just north of Greece, the kingdom of Macedonia took notice of the vulnerable Greeks
The Greeks once looked down on the Macedonians
The Greeks thought the Macedonians were uncivilized

4. In 359 B.C., Phillip II became the King of Macedonia when he was 23 years old.
Proved to be a great general
Transformed the peasants of Macedonia into a well trained, disciplined army

5. The Greek city-states knew of King Phillip II’s army in the North
Could not agree on a policy to unite and form one force
Stayed separate
In 338, Macedonia invaded Greece
Macedonia conquered Greece at the battle of Chaeronea

6. The Greece city-states stayed separate but were unified under Macedonian rule.
First under the rule of King Phillip II
Phillip II planned to conquer Persia next
But was murdered by a former guard before he could create a plan
Succeeded by his 20 year old son, Alexander  Alexander the Great

7. In 334, Alexander decided to carry out he and his father’s plan to conquer Persia.
He led 35,000 soldiers in to Persia and won the first battle of the war.
Angered King Darius III of Persia
Darius III raised an army of 75,000 men to attack Alexander’s army

8. Alexander received word of Darius’ upcoming attack.
He cut off the Persian forces in Anatolia  Caught them by surprise
Alexander then rushed Darius’ forces
Darius was frightened and fled the battlefield.
*Alexander gained control of Anatolia*

9. Darius tried to negotiate with Alexander
He offered Alexander all of his lands west of the Euphrates River
Alexander rejected  Announced his plan to conquer the WHOLE Persian empire.

10. Alexander marched into Egypt in 332 B.C.
He was crowned a pharaoh
He founded the city of Alexandria along the Nile
Darius assembled an army of 250,000 men and the two armies met at Gaugamela
Once again, Alexander pushed through the Persian forces and forced Darius to flee

11. Darius III’s retreat ended his reign over the Persian Empire
Alexander’s army occupied Babylon, Susa, and Persepolis (Persia’s capital)
*Alexander burned Persepolis to the ground
Alexander continued pushing east, conquering every civilization he encountered
Fought for 11 years
Fought all the way to India

12. Alexander’s Empire:

13. Alexander’s conquering had an incredible cultural impact
In the Spring of 323, Alexander became very ill in Babylon and died at the age of 33
After his death, his many generals fought over the legacy that he created.
Alexander’s conquering had an incredible cultural impact
Adopted Persian style of dress
Adopted many Persian ways of life
New cultures mixed: Macedonia + Greece + Persia