1. Academic vs Media Discourse
B. Mitsikopoulou

2. Academic style (Jordan Unit 14)
Academic discourse is written in its own unique style which is easy to identify among different types of discourse

3. ACADEMIC VS MEDIA TEXTS
Reader (p. 48) The two texts are on the same topic reporting on the same research findings: HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY

4. TEXT: THE ACADEMIC ARTICLE
Where is an academic article published? In an academic journal What is an academic journal? A scientific periodical Who reads academic journals? Experts in a field Where can you buy an academic journal? Order it from publishers usually through subscription

5. THE CONTEXT OF THE JOURNAL ARTICLE
Published in
Who writes?
(author)
What?
To whom?
(readers)
For what purpose?
The Breast Journal
A researcher doctor who specializes in breast cancer
An extensive academic article which describes research process and results
Other research doctors and generally doctors interested in breast cancer
To report research findings to the medical community

6. THE LANGUAGE OF THE ACADEMIC ARTICLE
Taking into account the context of the academic article (who writes what to whom and for what purpose), what assumptions can the author of the text make about the readers of his/her article? How do these assumptions affect his/her selection of lexico-grammatical choices?

7. LEXIS AND GRAMMAR OF THE ACADEMIC ARTICLE
Research verbs such as calculate, report, find, associate, compare, detect, show are extensively used to report research results
Adverbs indicating degrees of commitment: moderately, nearly, significantly, poorly, likely, unlikely
Adjectives indicating comparison: slower, younger, similar, no larger, more aggressive, lower, earlier, equivalent, faster
Passive voice is extensively used

8. INFORMATION ORGANIZATION OF THE ACADEMIC ARTICLE
Review previous research and further investigate into the topic
Reference to other research is mandatory as well as citation of full bibliographical details (at the end)
Structure: sub-sections are necessary (with the exception of short abstracts): the topic is examined in terms of different aspects and this should be explicitly indicated in structure layout. Also reporting the different research stages.

9. TEXT: A NEWSPAPER ARTICLE
Where is a media article published? In a newspaper, magazine, etc Who writes a media text? A journalist Who reads a media text (e.g. newspaper article?) Anybody who buys the newspaper (unspecified audience) Where can you buy a newspaper? Everywhere, in a news agent

10. THE CONTEXT OF THE NEWSPAPER ARTICLE
Published in
The Guardian (broadsheet newspaper)
Who writes?
(author)
A journalist who specializes in medical report
What?
A brief newspaper article
To whom?
(readers)
Lay people, with no specialised knowledge
For what purpose?
To inform the general public about recent research findings concerning medical issues

11. THE LANGUAGE OF A (BROADSHEET) NEWSPAPER ARTICLE
Taking into account the context of the newspaper article (who writes what to whom and for what purpose), what assumptions can the author of the text make about the readers of his/her article? How do these assumptions affect his/her selection of lexico-grammatical choices?

12. LEXIS AND GRAMMAR OF THE NEWSPAPER ARTICLE
Verb say is commonly used
Use of active voice (to express immediacy and urgency)
Time adverbials (setting the temporal perspective which is important for the presentation of news): yesterday, yet, in August, until recently, eventually, two or three years, for a decade or more)
Emphatic modifiers (adjectives): sharp reduction, strongest attempt

13. INFORMATION ORGANIZATION OF THE NEWSPAPER ARTICLE
Brief and comprehensive overview of relevant information from a variety of sources (MHPRA, Wyeth, European Committee, the chairman of the British Committee)
Reference to other research is optional and citation of full bibliographical details is mostly rare
Structure: sub-divisions/subheadings are not as common

15. Features of a magazine article
Lexicogrammatical features
Imperatives (e.g. don’t blame)
Questions (e.g. Does light bother you?)
Personal pronouns (e.g. you are suffering, your kid’s music)
Colloquial expressions (e.g. make you sick)
Short forms (e.g. they’re)
Direct speech reporting experts’ exact words
Phrasal verbs (e.g. fight off, pin down)
Active voice
Information Organization
Use of quiz in the form of list (1,2,3)
Several headings break the text into smaller parts
Format: short paragraphs

16. FEATURES OF INFORMAL STYLE
Colloquialisms (conversational expressions) Contractions (e.g. it didn’t, they’ve) Hesitation fillers (e.g. well, you know) Phrasal verbs and prepositional verbs Formal Informal conduct carry out discover find out investigate look into Euphemisms (less unpleasant and less direct words) e.g. to pass away (instead of to die) Personal pronouns (I, you, we)

17. Task 5 (Reader p )

18. HOMEWORK TASK 3 (Reader p. 52)
Re-write the academic extract below (and adapt accordingly) in a short paragraph ( words approximately) for the purpose of appearing in Health magazine under the title: Immunity granted: You already know how to catch a cold. Now learn how to knock one out.