Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
What is a polysaccharide? Monosaccharide?
Agenda for Wednesday Feb 22nd Finish macromolecules Cells
2
Cell Theory Anton van Leewenhoek Created a microscope
Saw living things in milk, pond water, etc Matthias Schlieden Looked at plants and concluded they were composed of cells Theodore Schwann Animals composed of cells Rudolph Virchow All cells come from existing cells
3
Cell Theory Robert Hooke Made simple microscope Looked at cork
observed small box like structures Called them cellulae (small rooms) = cells
4
Anton van Leeuwenhoek Created a microscope
Saw living things in milk, pond water, etc
5
Matthias Schleiden Studies plant tissues and concluded that all plants are composed of cells
6
Theodor Schwann Animals tissues consist of cells
7
Rudolph Virchow Proposed that all cells are produced from existing cells
9
Cell Theory All living things are composed of one or more cells
Cells are the basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms Cells arise only from previously existing cells
10
Cell Organelles Organelle= “little organ”
Found only inside eukaryotic cells Main point of a cell is to make proteins You may or may not wish to distinguish between cytosol and cytoplasm. The correct use of each term is shown here. Most high school textbooks, however, use the word “cytoplasm” to mean “cytosol.”
11
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
** Organelles – specialized structures in cells that carryout specific functions Eukaryotic Cells Eukaryotes Higher level organisms and function plants, animals Nucleus with linear DNA Many organelles Prokaryotic Cells Prokaryotes Small and simple Circular DNA No nucleus or organelles Usually unicellular Bacteria
13
Viruses Neither living or non-living
Take on characteristics of hosts/infected cell Made up of protein coat and DNA
14
Size of Cells Smallest= prokaryote Eukaryotic = largest
15
Organelles in the Cell Plasma (cell) membrane
Controls what enters and leaves cell Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Cytoplasm - Jelly like substance filling the inside of a cell that hold organelles
16
Cell Wall – plants and fungi only
Located outside of the cell membrane Rigid, protective barrier Plants’ = cellulose Fungi = chitin
17
Nucleolus – within nucleus
Nucleus - contains DNA DNA – instructions needed to produce proteins Chromatin Nucleolus – within nucleus Makes ribosomes Nucleoplasma – liquid within nucleus
18
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Single, continuous membrane Pipes, tubes and tunnels in cell Superhighway of the cell 2 kinds: Rough ER Ribosomes (all cells) Smooth ER – no ribosomes
19
Ribosome Site of protein synthesis
Found attached to rough ER or floating free Produced in nucleolus
20
Golgi Apparatus Looks like a stack of plates
Stores, modifies and packages proteins The UPS of the cell Molecules transported by means of vesicles
21
Mitochondria Produces energy for the cell via respiration
Cell's "power house“ Converts sugars into energy (ATP) Composed of 2 membranes
22
Chloroplasts Found only in green plant cells and algae
Site of photosynthesis Use the sun’s energy and convert to chemical energy Contain pigment chlorophyll
23
Plastids Chromoplasts – that produce and store pigments
other than chloroplasts flowers, leaves, roots and ripe fruits Leucoplast – starch storage
24
Vacuoles Storage container for water, food, enzymes, wastes, pigments, etc. Plants Lysosomes &Peroxisomes Contain digestive enzymes Breakdown cell's food and wastes
25
Cilia/Flagella **Help move cell Cilia – all over cell, smaller
Flagella – longer projections
26
Other cell parts Cytoskeleton Framework inside cell
Support and movement Centrioles cell division Found only in animal cells
27
Plant vs. Animal Cell ***Both are eukaryotic!! Plant Cells Cell Wall
And cell membrane Chloroplasts Large vacuoles Rarely have lysosomes Animal Cells Cell membrane only Small or absent vacuoles Centriole Lysosome All other organelles are the same in each cell
30
Plant Cell Animal Cell
31
Cells have some things in common
Cell membrane Genetic material (DNA/RNA) Ribosomes
32
Cell Membrane Allows nutrients into and waste out of cell
Homeostasis Selective Permeability – only allows some stuff to pass through
33
Structure of the Plasma Membrane
Fluid-mosaic model - phospholipid bilayer which molecules can float and move around Components are in constant motion
34
Phospholipid Bilayer Form a bilayer
Two fatty acid tails, and a phosphate group (head) The phosphate group is polar (hydrophilic), likes water The tails are nonpolar (hydrophobic), dislikes water Form a bilayer
36
Flexibility of Membrane
The fatty acid tails are flexible, causing fluidity Cells are flexible At body temperature, membranes are a liquid Similar to cooking oil
37
Components of the Membrane
Cholesterol Hydrophilic end and hydrophobic end Makes membrane less permeable Increases fluidity Proteins scattered throughout membrane Inner: anchor membrane to cell = shape Outer: send and receive signals Embedded: move substances in and out of cell
38
Other Components of the Membrane
Carbohydrates Stick out from membrane Provide shape Help identify chemical signals
40
Whiteboard questions
41
What does the cell membrane do?
Who was the first to say that cells come from other cells? What did Schwann do? What are tiny parts of the cell called? What is made up of cells?
42
6. What do all cells have in common. 7
6. What do all cells have in common? 7. Who said that plants were made up of cells? 8. Who was the guy who was the first to look at living cells? 9. What is the cell theory? 10. What are you, a prokaryote or eukaryote? Why?
43
11. What do ribosomes do? 12. Name two organelles only found in plants. 13. What does the mitochondria do?
44
Lab Reminders Need less than a drop of methylene blue
Onion and cheek need blue Do NOT gouge your cheek and create blood Potato = iodine
47
Cell Review Cell Review
Questions 14-18, 22, starting on page 175 Questions 3 & 5 on page 186 Questions 1-5 on Page 190 Questions 1,2,4,5 on Page 200
48
Organelle Posters Cell Theory Mitochondria Nucleus Nucleolus Ribosome
Vacuole Endoplasmic Reticulum Cell Wall Centriole Chloroplast Cilia/flagella Cytoskeleton Golgi Apparatus Lysosome/peroxisome Who discovered and when Function and description Location in cell Type of cell Picture
Similar presentations
