1. The Archaebacteria Kingdom
Brandon Miosi

2. Bacteria
Bacteria are single-celled microscopic organisms that have neither a membrane-bound nucleus nor other membrane-bound organelles, like mitochondria and chloroplasts
Bacteria have only one chromosome
All bacteria reproduce asexually through mitosis
Bacteria have cell walls made of a sugar and amino acid compound called peptidoglyceran

3. Archaebacteria
Arhcaebacteria (a.k.a. Archae) are believed to be the first organisms on earth (archae=ancient) dating back billions of years
Unlike eubacteria, archaebacteria are anaerobic, except for the halophiles
The RNA of the ribosomes of Archae differ from that of eubacteria as well
Most Archae have cell walls but they produce no peptidoglyceran
Archae are also called extremophiles because of the environments that they live in

4. Kingdom
There are 3 phyla in the Archae Kingdom; Halophiles, Thermoacidophiles, and Methanogens
Phyla

5. Halophiles
Halophiles are a group of Archae that live in areas with high concentrations of salt, like the Great Salt Lake in Utah (10x as much salt as the Pacific Ocean!)
They use the salt to produce their ATP for energy
Halophiles use osmosis and diffusion to regulate cell pressure and saline concentration
Above is a picture of halophilic bacteria and some salt particles

6. Halophiles Cont…
Unlike the other Archae, halophiles are aerobic and photosynthetic
Even though halophiles live in salt water 10x more concentrated than an ocean, their internal saline level is only 3-4 times more concentrated
A protein coating around the cell protects it from the water it lives in so it doesn’t become dehydrated and die
Halophiles have a carotenoid which gives them a slight pinkish color

7. Thermoacidophiles Thermoacidophiles live in a couple major extremes
They live in temperatures above 60 degrees Celsius and in pH levels of 5 or less
They usually live in and around sulfur springs and can die of cold at 55 degrees Celsius (131 degrees Fahrenheit)
They live off of sulfur by oxidizing it

8. Methanogens
Methanogens are anaerobic and live in marshes, wetlands, and intestines of animals
They produce methane gas from CO2
The methane they produce are used to make ATP
There are currently over 50 known species of methanogens

9. Questions 1.What are the 3 phyla of Archaebacteria?
a. eubacteria, halophiles, thermophiles c. halophiles, thermophiles, pediphiles
b. halophiles, extremophiles, archae d. thermoacidophiles, halophiles, methanogens
2.What does the word ‘Archae’ mean?
a. Active b. Ancient
b. New c. First
3. What is the saline concentration of a halophiles home?
a. 3-4x an ocean’s c. 10x an ocean’s
b. 5x an ocean’s d. 100x an ocean’s
4.What are 2 other names for the 3 phyla of Archae?
5. Why do the halophiles need the protein coating?