1. the process, initiatives and developmental issues in India
Digital Libraries
the process, initiatives and developmental issues in India

2. May include multimedia as well as multilingual data.
Features
A digital library may allow either online or offline access to the elements it organizes and houses.
May include multimedia as well as multilingual data.

3. Objectives and Workflow
Enhance the digital collection in a substantial way.
Embrace popular digital standards , formats and software platforms.
Emphasis on maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of the information access
Standard workflow patterns are to be identified for the system for:
‘content selection’, ‘content acquisition’, ‘
content publishing’, ‘content indexing and storage’,
and ‘content accessing and delivery’.
The system should also concern about such related issues,
preservation, usage monitoring, access management, interoperability, administration and management etc.

4. Meta-data Standards and Protocols
Metadata, or “data about data,” is a critical element for searching information through a database
A major governing body of the Web has developed de facto standards including RDF
At present, digital library initiatives in India make use of
Dublin Core for web-based publications,
Encoded Archival Description (EAD) for archiving and Visual Resources Association (VRA) for visual data.
Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI_PMH) to automatically extract metadata information from digital libraries and enhance interoperability between systems.

5. Selection of the Software
It should be robust in technical architecture as well as the content architecture.
The system should address all major digital library related issues such as ‘design criteria’, ‘collection building’, ‘content organization’, ‘access’, ‘evaluation’, ‘policy and legal issues’ including ‘intellectual property rights’.
The system should also provide a powerful search engine and the interface should be easy to navigate and there should be provision for customization.

6. There are many digital library soft wares available, proprietary as well as open source, and most of them conform to international standards.
VTLS and ACADO are the commercial ones available and popular in the Indian market.
Some of the popular Open Source Software for digital libraries, which are in use internationally, are ‘DSpace’, ‘Dienst’, ‘Eprints’, ‘Fedora’, ‘Greenstone’ etc.

7. Some Initiatives of India
Institutional Repositories
Open Courseware Initiatives
Open Access Journals
Metadata Harvesting Services
and Others

8. Digital Repositories in India
Institutional repository (IR) systems by libraries, using
Greenstone
Dspace
EPrints
Some open access repositories are specially created to disseminate intellectual outputs of the country in the form of electronic theses and dissertations
Vidyanidhi
Other national level open access repositories provide all kinds of scholarly materials on particular discipline.
The
Librarians' Digital Library

9. Some of such repositories are:
Digital Repository of IIT Bomaby
(National Institute of Oceanography)
(National Institute of Technology, Rourkela)
(Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode)
DSpace at National Chemical Laboratory, Pune
Digital Centre
(Sardar Vallabhbai National Institute of Technology)
eGyanKosh (IGNOU) 
Delhi

10.
(National Centre for Catalysis Research)
(School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamraj University)
Indian Institute of Astrophysics Repository
National Aerospace Laboratories
Kautilya Digital Repository of IGIDR (Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai)
NISCAIR Online Periodicals Repository
(Medical)
RRI Digital Repository (Raman Research Institute Digital Repository)

11. Open Courseware Initiatives
CEC Learning Object Repository
eGyankosh A National Digital Repository
Indo-German eGurukul on Digital Libraries
National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL)
NCERT Online Textbooks
UNESCO-SALIS e-Learning Portal

12. Open Access Journals e-Journals @ INSA
Indian Academy of Sciences published Open Access Journals
IndianJournals.Com hosted Open Access Journals
Kamla-Raj Enterprises published Open Access Journals
J/index.html
Biomedical Journals from India

13. Metadata Harvesting Services
Cross Archive Search Service for Indian Repositories (CASSIR)
Open Index Initiative
Open J-Gate
Scientific Journal Publishing in India: Indexing and Online Management (SJPI)
Search Digital Libraries (SDL)

14. Other Digital Libraries
Archives of Indian Labour: Integrated Labour History Research Programme
Child Trafficking Digital Library
CSIR Explorations
Cultural Heritage Digital Library in Hindi
Digital e-Library (Dware Dware Gyan Sampadaa/Providing Books at Your Doorsteps)
Digital Library of India
India Education Digital Library

15. Muktabodha: Digital Library and Archiving Project
Kalasampada: Digital Library Resources of Indian Cultural Heritage (DL-RICH)
Muktabodha: Digital Library and Archiving Project
Traditional Knowledge Digital Library
Vidyanidhi
Vigyan Prasar Digital Library

16. Digital library development issues in India
Lack of proper Information & Communication Technology (ICT) Infrastructure
Lack of Proper Planning and Integration of Information Resources
Rigidity in the publishers’ policies and data formats
Lack of ICT Strategies and Policies
Lack of Technical Skills
Management Support
Copyright / IPR Issues

17. Conclusion
The effect of focused capacity building programmers in the areas of digital preservation, digital libraries and open access to literature is encouraging in a country like India, where significant proliferation of open access and digital library initiatives have been achieved in the last decade, which has seen fantastic accomplishments and the future presents exciting possibilities and challenges. The key to commitment and development in this field lies in the sensitization of stakeholders as which has been done in India, in order to achieve that paradigm shift in universal access to information, knowledge and heritage

18. Bibliography
Ambati, Vamshi... [et al] (2006). The Digital Library of India Project: Process, Policies and Architecture.
Bhatnagar, S. & Schware, R Technology in Development: Cases from India. Sage Publications.
Bruce, B. C. (1997). Searching for digital libraries in education: Why computers cannot tell the story. Library Trends,
45(4),
Duncker, E., Yin Leng Theng, and Norlisa Mohd-Nasir. (2000). Cultural usability in digital libraries. Bulletin of the
Jebaraj, F “The Electronic Library: An Indian Scenario”. Library Philosophy and Practice. V5.N2. Spring
Ramdasi, N. Visualizing Indian Heritage Digital Library Model. Center for Development of Advanced Computing.
Sood, Aditya Dev and Chandrasekharan, Uma (2004). Digital Libraries in India: A
Baseline Survey. New Delhi: Center for Knowledge Societies.