1. OSSA MEMBRI PELVINI Hindlimb Bones Coto
Cingulum membri pelvini (Pelvic girdle)
Os coxae
Stylopodium
Femur + Patella
Zeugopodium
Ossa cruris (Tibia-Fibula)
Autopodium
Skeleton pedis
Basipodium
Ossa tarsi
Metapodium
Ossa metatarsi
Acropodium
Ossa digitorum pedis
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2. Pelvic Girdle - HIP BONE - Os coxae
Synarthrosis
Pelvic Girdle - HIP BONE - Os coxae
The pelvic girdle connects the spine with the hindlimb. It consists of two hip bones. They are attached to the sacrum posteriorly, fused with each other ventraly, and joined with the two femurs at the hip joints.
The hip bone also consists of fusion between 3 main bones;
Os ilium Os pubis Os ischii
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3. OS COXAE
Ossa coxarum : ,the two hip bones are united ventrally at the symphysis pelvina and ossified with mid-age.
This junction area are subdivided into cranial and caudal parts. (Absent in birds)
Symphysis pelvina
sym.pubis + sym.ischii
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4. OS COXAE
Acetabulum : Deep socket for the femoral head. It is formed by the fusion of the shafts of three bones.
Facies lunata
Fossa acetabuli
Inc.acetabuli
Wide (Car, eq) - Narrow (Ru, su)
Acetabulum : a vinegar cup
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5. OS COXAE
For.obturatum : The large opening at the base of bony pelvis through which nerves and blood vessels pass.
Memb.obturatoria
Canalis obturatorius
a.v.n.obturatorius
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6. OS COXAE Coto Spina ischiadica blunt (Car, eq) - Sharp (Ru, su)
Inc.ischiadica major et minor
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7. OS COXAE Coto Os ilium : The largest and most cranial part
Os pubis : Locates craniao-ventral portion
Os ischii : Caudal part of the pelvis
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8. OS ILIUM
Ilium is the most cranial part of the hip bone. It consists of a broad wing and rounded shaft.
Corpus ossis ilii
Ala ossis ilii
Coto

9. OS ILIUM Coto Corpus ossis ilii Ala ossis ilii Facies glutea
(depressed in Car)
linea glutea
Facies sacropelvina
facies iliaca
tuberositas iliaca
facies auricularis
linea arcuata
tub.m.psoas minoris
Crista iliaca
(convex in Su ve Car)
tuber coxae
tuber sacrale
Coto

10. OS PUBIS Coto Corpus ossis pubis Ramus cranialis ossis pubis
Ramus caudalis ossis pubis
*eminentia iliopubica
*pecten ossis pubis
*tuberculum pubicum dorsale
*tuberculum pubicum ventrale
Symphysis pubis
Coto

11. OS ISCHII Coto Corpus ossis ischii Ramus ossis ischii
tabula ossis ischii
symphysis ischiadicum
tuber ischiadicum
one process (Car, su)
two projections (eq)
three tubercle (Ru)
arcus ischiadicus
*Solum pelvis osseum*
Coto

12. PELVIS Coto Synarthrosis
Pelvis (bony pelvis) consists of two hip bones (os coxae), sacrum and first few caudal vertebras
It encloses the pelvic cavity. It is the section of the body caudal the abdomen. The reproductive organs (sex organs), some parts of urinary system and last part of digestive canal (the rectum) located in this gap
Pelvic inlet (Apertura pelvis cranialis)
Pelvic outlet (Apertura pelvis caudalis)
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13. Diameter of Pelvis Coto
Diameter conjugata: Median line taken from promontory to the cranial end of sym.pubis
Diameter verticalis : Vertical line taken from pubis to pelvic surface of the sacrum
inclinatio pelvis
Diameter transversa
a- For pelvic inlet
*dorsal – between two sides of sacral wings
*medial– between two tub.m.psoas minoris
*ventral– between two eminentia iliopubica
b- For pelvic cavity
*cranial– between two inc.ischiadica major
*medial– between two spina ischiadica
*caudal– between two tuber ischiadicum
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14. FEMUR Thighbone Os femoris
Femur is the most proximal bone of the hindlimb. It is analagous to the humerus of upperarm
It is the longest and strongest bone of the body
It forms hip joint and stifle joint (knee joint)
The Proximal and the distal extremities
The body
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15. Femur : Proximal extremity
The Head (Caput ossis femoris)
- Fovea capitis (for the round lig. of femur)
The Neck
The prominences (Trochanters)
- Trochanter major et minor
- Fossa trochanterica
- Crista intertrochanterica
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16. Femur : Body
Trochanter tertius (eq) – distal to the greater trochanter
Facies aspera (labium laterale et mediale)
Facies poplitea
Fossa supracondylaris
Tuberositas supracondylaris (Car, su)
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17. Femur : Distal extremity
Trochlea ossis femoris
tub.trochlea ossis femoris (eq)
(for locking over the patella)
Condylus lateralis et medialis
Fossa intercondylaris
Stay apparatus ?
Reprocal mechanism?
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18. Fabella – Ossa sesamoidea m.gastrocnemii
Facies articularis sesamoidea lateralis et medialis
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19. Patella – The Kneecap Coto The largest sesamoid bone in the body
It is soft cartilage in birth, ossified in childhood
It covers and protects the knee joint
It helps the extension of the knee
Basis patella – m.quadriceps femoris attaches
Apex patella – patellar ligament attaches
Facies articularis and Facies cranialis
Coto

20. OSSA CRURIS
Skeleton of the leg, like that of the antebrachium, is formed by two long bones.
Differently from that they can not rotate against one another, remain almost parallel.
Fibula is the lateral bone of the crus. It is more slender
Tibia is the medial bone of the crus. It is stouter
Coto

21. FIBULA – The calfbone Coto
The fibula is located on the lateral side of the tibia, connected with it from above and below
Caput fibulae
Malleolus lateralis (Os malleolare in Ru)
- The bone is fully-developed in Man, Su, Car.
- The bone is reduced and distal half of it is absent in Equine.
- The bone is rudimentary, the body is absent. The proximal end fuses with the tibia and distal end (os malleolare) articulates with the tibia in Ruminant.
Coto

22. TIBIA – The shinbone Coto The Proximal End;
Condylus lateralis et medialis
Eminentia intercondylaris
Tuberculum intercondylare laterale
Tuberculum intercondylare mediale
Area intercondylares
Inc.poplitea (for m.popliteus)
Sulcus extensorius (for m.ext.dig.longus)
Facies articularis fibularis
Tuberositas tibiae
Sulcus tuberositatis tibiae (eq)
Coto

23. TIBIA – The shinbone Coto The Distal End; Cochlea tibiae
Malleolus medialis
Malleolus lateralis (eq)
Incisura fibularis (car)
Coto

24. SKELETON PEDIS
Tarsal bones
Metatarsal bones
Digital bones
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25. OSSA TARSI – The Hock Coto
The series of bones form the skeleton of gambrel consist of three row short bones
Proximal row : Two bones
Talus in medial, calcaneus in lateral
Central row : One bone
Os tarsi centrale
Distal row : Four bones
Os tarsale 1th, 2nd, 3rd, 4th
Coto

26. OSSA TARSI Coto Tc T C 1 2 3 4 Car-Su Tc T C 1+2 3 4 Eq Tc + 4 T C 1
TALUS
Caput tali
Trochlea tali
Collum tali
CALCANEUS
Tuber calcanei
Proc. coracoideus
Sustentaculum tali
Os tarsı centrale
os tarsale
primum
os tarsale
secundum
os tarsale
tertium
os tarsale
quartum Tc T C 1 2 3 4
Car-Su Tc T C
1+2 3 4 Eq
Tc + 4 T C 1
2+3 Ru
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27. Formation of the tarsal bones among mammals
Number of the bones in animals ; Generalized pattern is seen in man, pig, car.
Man: Car: Su: Ru: Eq: 6
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28. Talus – The ankle bone Coto Located on the dorso-medial side of ankle.
Trochlea tali – proximal part articulates with the cochlea of tibia
Collum tali – the intermediate neck part of the bone
Caput tali – distal part of the bone. It is flattened in equine
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29. Calcaneus – The heel bone
Tuber calcanei – large process for the tendon of Achilles
Proc.coracoideus – small process at the cranial end of the bone
Sustentaculum tali – Distal well-developed part for supporting the talus laterally
Coto

30. OSSA METATARSI Coto Os metatarsalia 1th– 2nd – 3rd – 4th – 5th
Longer than the metacarpals. The transvers sections are round shape
In car; 1,2,3,4,5
In Eq; 2,3,4
In Ru (metacarpal); ,4,5
In Ru (metatarsal); 2,3,4
In Su; 2,3,4,5
Coto

31. Ossa digitorum pedis (Phalanges)
Digiti: Finger (toe) / Phalanx: Finger bone
Number of the finger bones in a foot.
Man:14 / Car:14 / Su:12 / Ru:6 / Eq:3
Coto

32. OSSA DIGITORUM PEDIS Coto Phalanx proximalis Phalanx media
Phalanx distalis
Coto